Self-Assessment and Review for Human Anatomy
Overview
This compilation of 'Question and Answer' (Q&A) in the format of 'True or False' (T/F) sentence and 'Single Best Answer Question' (SBAQ), is a quick review and self-assessment for both pre-clinical and clinical students of medical, paramedical, and allied health sciences.
TITLE: ABDOMINAL WALL, INGUINAL CANAL, AND PERITONEUM
Q(01) | Abdomen is the part of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(02) | Abdominal cavity is bounded by the | |
ANSWER | A. thoracic diaphragm superiorly and pelvic diaphragm inferiorly. | B. thoracic diaphragm superiorly and pelvic inlet inferiorly. |
Q(03) | Select which boundary of the abdominal cavity that is not related to any muscle. | |
ANSWER | A. Anterior border | B. Inferior border |
| C. Posterior border | D. Superior border |
Q(04) | The following structures are associated with the abdominal cavity EXCEPT | |
ANSWER | A. abdominal viscera. | B. lumbar vertebrae. |
| C. pericardium. | D. peritoneum. |
Q(05) | Abdominal cavity is conventionally divided into four quadrants or nine regions. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(06) | The following vertical lines are associated with either four quadrants or nine regions of the abdominal cavity EXCEPT | |
ANSWER | A. midclavicular line. | B. midsternal line. |
| C. parasternal line. |
|
Q(07) | The horizontal plane that is associated with the four quadrants of abdominal cavity is the | |
ANSWER | A. subcostal plane. | B. transpyloric plane. |
| C. transtubercular plane. | D. transumbilical plane. |
Q(08) | The horizontal plane that is associated with the L1 vertebral level is the | |
ANSWER | A. subcostal plane. | B. transpyloric plane. |
| C. transtubercular plane. | D. transumbilical plane. |
Q(09) | The following regions of abdominal cavity are located at the centre EXCEPT the | |
ANSWER | A. epigastric region. | B. hypochondriac region. |
| C. hypogastric region. |
|
Q(10) | The following structures are contents in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity EXCEPT the | |
ANSWER | A. gallbladder. | B. head of pancreas. |
| C. pylorus part of stomach. | D. spleen. |
Q(11) | The following structure is a content in the left lower quadrant of the abdominal cavity: | |
ANSWER | A. Caecum | B. ileum |
| C. Sigmoid colon | D. Vermiform appendix |
Q(12) | The following structure is a content in the epigastric region of the abdominal cavity: | |
ANSWER | A. Gallbladder | B. Spleen |
| C. Stomach |
|
Q(13) | The following structure is a content in the right inguinal region of the abdominal cavity: | |
ANSWER | A. Rectum | B. Sigmoid colon |
| C. Vermiform appendix |
|
Q(14) | The abdominal wall can be subdivided into the anterolateral abdominal wall and the posterior abdominal wall. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(15) | The anterolateral abdominal wall is bounded superiorly by the costal margin and the xiphoid process of the sternum. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(16) | From superficial to deep, the layers of anterolateral abdominal wall are the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles and fascia, | |
ANSWER | A. extraperitoneal tissue, transversalis fascia, and parietal peritoneum. | B. extraperitoneal tissue, parietal peritoneum, and transversalis fascia. |
| C. transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal tissue, and parietal peritoneum. |
|
Q(17) | Langer's lines of the skin in the anterolateral abdominal wall runs vertically. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(18) | Below the level of umbilicus, subcutaneous tissue of anterolateral abdominal wall is further divided into two layers. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(19) | Superficial fatty layer of superficial fascia is called the | |
ANSWER | A. Buck's fascia. | B. Camper's fascia. |
| C. Colles' fascia. | D. Dartos fascia |
Q(20) | Deep membranous layer of superficial fascia is called the Scarpa's fascia. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(21) | Scarpa's fascia continues inferiorly into the perineal region as the Colles' fascia. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(22) | The following are muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall EXCEPT | |
ANSWER | A. external oblique. | B. internal oblique. |
| C. quadratus lumborum. | D. transversus abdominis. |
Q(23) | Examples of vertical muscles in the anterior abdominal wall are rectus abdominis and pyramidalis. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(24) | The following structure forms the inguinal ligament: | |
ANSWER | A. Lower border of external oblique aponeurosis | B. Lower border of internal oblique aponeurosis |
| C. Lower border of transversus abdominis aponeurosis |
|
Q(25) | The Poupart's ligament is attached to the | |
ANSWER | A. anterior superior iliac spine laterally and pubic symphysis medially. | B. anterior superior iliac spine laterally and pubic tubercle medially. |
Q(26) | This structure arises from the medial end of inguinal ligament and extends horizontally backwards to the pectineal line: | |
ANSWER | A. Cooper's ligament | B. Gimbernat's ligament |
Q(27) | Pectineal ligament is continuous with the lacunar ligament and extends laterally along the pecten pubis. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(28) | Falx inguinalis is made up of the fibres of the aponeuroses of the | |
ANSWER | A. external oblique and internal oblique. | B. internal oblique and transversus abdominis. |
Q(29) | Lateral to the conjoint tendon, there is interfoveolar ligament. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(30) | iliopubic tract is a thickened inferior margin of transversalis fascia that runs parallel and deep to inguinal ligament | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(31) | The neurovascular plane of the abdominal wall lies between the | |
ANSWER | A. external oblique and internal oblique muscles. | B. internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles. |
Q(32) | Rectus abdominis is a long-paired strap-like muscle which is separated in the midline by the | |
ANSWER | A. linea alba. | B. linea semicircularis. |
| C. linea semilunaris. |
|
Q(33) | White line is a strong midline fibrous structure which is firmly attached to the xiphoid process superiorly and the | |
ANSWER | A. pubic symphysis inferiorly. | B. pubic tubercle inferiorly. |
Q(34) | Rectus abdominis muscle is wider above and narrows below. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(35) | When rectus abdominis muscle contracts, its lateral margin forms a curved ridge that can be seen and is termed the | |
ANSWER | A. linea alba. | B. linea semilunaris. |
| C. linea semicircularis. |
|
Q(36) | Spigelian line extends from the tip of the ninth costal cartilage to the pubic tubercle. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(37) | The following are typical locations where the tendinous intersections of rectus abdominis muscle can be found EXCEPT | |
ANSWER | A. at the level of the xiphoid process. | B. at the level of the umbilicus. |
| C. between the level of the xiphoid process and the level of the umbilicus. | D. below the level of the umbilicus. |
Q(38) | Pyramidalis muscle is a small triangular muscle that tenses the linea alba and is supplied by the subcostal nerve. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(39) | Innervation of flat muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall is by the anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(40) | The following nerves are associated with the root value of L1 EXCEPT the | |
ANSWER | A. iliohypogastric nerve. | B. ilioinguinal nerve. |
| C. subcostal nerve. |
|
Q(41) | The primary blood vessels of the anterolateral abdominal wall are the superior and inferior epigastric vessels, | |
ANSWER | A. superficial and deep circumflex iliac vessels | B. musculophrenic vessels |
| C. all of the above answers |
|
Q(42) | Lymphatic drainage of the anterolateral abdominal wall are through the superficial and deep lymphatic vessels. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(43) | The skin of the anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus drains into the | |
ANSWER | A. axillary lymph nodes. | B. superficial inguinal lymph nodes. |
Q(44) | The muscles of the posterior abdominal wall include the quadratus lumborum, psoas major, psoas minor, and the | |
ANSWER | A. erector spinae. | B. iliacus. |
Q(45) | Fasciae of the posterior abdominal wall include psoas fascia and thoracolumbar fascia. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(46) | Thoracolumbar fascia consists of the three layers; anterior, middle and posterior. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(47) | Rectus sheath is an aponeurotic tendinous sheath enclosing the | |
ANSWER | A. external oblique muscle. | B. internal oblique muscle. |
| C. rectus abdominis muscle. | D. transversus abdominis muscle. |
Q(48) | Rectus sheath has anterior and posterior walls. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(49) | Anterior wall of rectus sheath is complete, covering the rectus abdominis muscle from end to end. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(50) | Posterior wall of rectus sheath is incomplete, being deficient above the costal margin and below the arcuate line. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(51) | Above the level of costal margin, anterior wall of rectus sheath is formed by the aponeurosis of | |
ANSWER | A. external oblique muscle. | B. internal oblique muscle. |
| C. transversus abdominis muscle. |
|
Q(52) | Between costal margin and arcuate line, posterior wall of rectus sheath is formed by the fusion of aponeurosis of | |
ANSWER | A. external oblique and anterior lamina of internal oblique aponeurosis. | B. transversus abdominis and posterior lamina of internal oblique aponeurosis. |
Q(53) | Below the level of arcuate line, anterior wall of rectus sheath is formed by the aponeuroses of all three flat muscles. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(54) | Contents of the rectus sheath include | |
ANSWER | A. superior epigastric vessels | B. inferior epigastric vessels |
| C. terminal parts of lower six thoracic nerves | D. all of the above answers |
Q(55) | The midline incision is made through the linea alba. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(56) | The following are names of surgical incision that are being used for appendectomies EXCEPT | |
ANSWER | A. Battle incision. | B. Kocher's incision. |
| C. Lanz incision. | D. McBurney incision. |
Q(57) | McBurney point lies one-third of the distance laterally on a line drawn from the umbilicus to the right anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(58) | Subcostal incision is a right upper quadrant incision made for open cholecystectomy. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(59) | Paramedian incision allows access to lateral structures such as the kidneys, adrenals, and spleen. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(60) | This surgical incision is the extension of the McBurney incision: | |
ANSWER | A. Pfannenstiel incision | B. Rutherford Morrison incision |
Q(61) | Pfannenstiel incision commonly used for Caesarean section or abdominal hysterectomy. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(62) | Inguinal region is the area of junction between the anterior abdominal wall and the anterior aspect of the thigh. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(63) | Inguinal region or groin extends between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the | |
ANSWER | A. pubic symphysis. | B. pubic tubercle. |
Q(64) | Inguinal region is clinically and anatomically important because | |
ANSWER | A. structures exit and enter the abdominal cavity. | B. exit and entrance pathways for structures are potential sites of herniation. |
| C. all of the above answers. |
|
Q(65) | Halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic symphysis is the | |
ANSWER | A. mid-inguinal point. | B. midpoint of the inguinal ligament. |
Q(66) | Halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic tubercle is the | |
ANSWER | A. mid-inguinal point. | B. midpoint of the inguinal ligament. |
Q(67) | The femoral pulse can be palpated at the | |
ANSWER | A. mid-inguinal point. | B. midpoint of the inguinal ligament. |
Q(68) | The opening to the inguinal canal is located just above this point: | |
ANSWER | A. Mid-Inguinal point | B. Midpoint of the inguinal ligament |
Q(69) | Inguinal canal is an oblique intermuscular slit in the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(70) | Inguinal canal is about 4 cm long lying above the medial half of the inguinal ligament. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(71) | Inguinal canal is directed | |
ANSWER | A. downward, forward, and laterally. | B. downward, forward, and medially. |
Q(72) | Inguinal canal has two openings and begins at the | |
ANSWER | A. deep inguinal ring. | B. superficial inguinal ring. |
Q(73) | This inguinal ring lies about 1.25 cm above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament: | |
ANSWER | A. Deep inguinal ring | B. Superficial inguinal ring |
Q(74) | This inguinal ring is an oval opening in the transversalis fascia: | |
ANSWER | A. Deep inguinal ring | B. Superficial inguinal ring |
Q(75) | This inguinal ring is a triangular gap in the external oblique aponeurosis and lies superolateral to the pubic tubercle: | |
ANSWER | A. Deep inguinal ring | B. Superficial inguinal ring |
Q(76) | The following structures form the anterior wall of inguinal canal (in whole extent) EXCEPT | |
ANSWER | A. external oblique aponeurosis. | B. internal oblique muscle fibres. |
| C. skin. | D. superficial fascia. |
Q(77) | The following structure forms the posterior wall of inguinal canal (in whole extent): | |
ANSWER | A. Conjoint tendon | B. Reflected part of the inguinal ligament |
| C. Transversalis fascia |
|
Q(78) | The roof of inguinal canal is formed by the lower arched fibres of the | |
ANSWER | A. external oblique and internal oblique muscles. | B. internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles. |
Q(79) | The following structure forms the floor of inguinal canal (in whole extent): | |
ANSWER | A. Inguinal ligament | B. Lacunar ligament |
Q(80) | Spermatic cord in male and round ligament of the uterus in female is present throughout the extent of the inguinal canal. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(81) | ilioinguinal nerve enter the inguinal canal about midway and leaves at the superficial inguinal ring. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(82) | This type of inguinal hernia is where the peritoneal sac enters the inguinal canal through the deep inguinal ring: | |
ANSWER | A. Direct inguinal hernia | B. Indirect inguinal hernia |
Q(83) | This type of inguinal hernia occurs lateral to the inferior epigastric artery: | |
ANSWER | A. Direct inguinal hernia | B. Indirect inguinal hernia |
Q(84) | This type of inguinal hernia is where the peritoneal sac enters the inguinal canal through its posterior wall: | |
ANSWER | A. Direct inguinal hernia | B. Indirect inguinal hernia |
Q(85) | This type of inguinal hernia occurs medial to the inferior epigastric artery: | |
ANSWER | A. Direct inguinal hernia | B. Indirect inguinal hernia |
Q(86) | Indirect inguinal hernia is due to partial or complete patency of processus vaginalis (an invagination of peritoneum). | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(87) | Direct inguinal hernia is due to weakening in the abdominal musculature. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(88) | Inguinal triangle is also known as the | |
ANSWER | A. Hesselbach's triangle. | B. medial inguinal fossa. |
| C. all of the above answers. |
|
Q(89) | Inguinal triangle is located within the inferomedial aspect of the abdominal wall. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(90) | Inferior border of the inguinal triangle is formed by the | |
ANSWER | A. inferior epigastric vessels. | B. inguinal ligament. |
| C. lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle. |
|
Q(91) | Medial border of the inguinal triangle is formed by the | |
ANSWER | A. inferior epigastric vessels. | B. inguinal ligament. |
| C. lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle. |
|
Q(92) | Lateral border of the inguinal triangle is formed by the | |
ANSWER | A. inferior epigastric vessels. | B. inguinal ligament. |
| C. lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle. |
|
Q(93) | Abdominal cavity is lined by peritoneum, a continuous serous membrane in which the lining of peritoneum is called the | |
ANSWER | A. endothelium. | B. epithelium. |
| C. mesothelium. |
|
Q(94) | Peritoneum consists of two layers that are separated from each other by a potential space called the | |
ANSWER | A. pericardial cavity. | B. peritoneal cavity. |
| C. pleural cavity. |
|
Q(95) | This layer of peritoneum lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic walls: | |
ANSWER | A. Parietal layer of peritoneum | B. Visceral layer of peritoneum |
Q(96) | This layer of peritoneum is derived from the splanchnopleuric layer of the lateral plate mesoderm: | |
ANSWER | A. Parietal layer of peritoneum | B. Visceral layer of peritoneum |
Q(97) | This layer of peritoneum is innervated by somatic nerves and therefore is sensitive to pain due to prick and cut: | |
ANSWER | A. Parietal layer of peritoneum | B. Visceral layer of peritoneum |
Q(98) | Peritoneal folds (peritoneal reflections) are classified into the | |
ANSWER | A. omenta. | B. mesenteries. |
| C. peritoneal ligaments. | D. all of the above answers. |
Q(99) | Greater omentum is a peritoneal fold connecting the stomach with the | |
ANSWER | A. liver. | B. transverse colon. |
Q(100) | This omentum is double layer of peritoneum that extends from liver to lesser curvature of stomach and 1st part of duodenum | |
ANSWER | A. Greater omentum | B. Lesser omentum |
Q(101) | This omentum is made up of 4 layers of peritoneum: | |
ANSWER | A. Greater omentum | B. Lesser omentum |
Q(102) | Greater omentum is derived from | |
ANSWER | A. dorsal mesogastrium. | B. ventral mesogastrium. |
Q(103) | Lesser omentum is derived from | |
ANSWER | A. dorsal mesogastrium. | B. ventral mesogastrium. |
Q(104) | Contents of the greater omentum include | |
ANSWER | A. adipose tissue. | B. aggregation of macrophages. |
| C. right and left gastroepiploic vessels. | D. all of the above answers. |
Q(105) | Hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament are associated with the lesser omentum. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(106) | The following are peritoneal ligaments that are associated with the greater omentum: | |
ANSWER | A. Gastrocolic ligament. | B. Gastrophrenic ligament. |
| C. Gastrosplenic ligament. | D. All of the above answers. |
Q(107) | Midgut and hindgut possess only the dorsal mesentery. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |
Q(108) | Dorsal mesentery will form the mesentery, mesoappendix, transverse mesocolon, and sigmoid mesocolon. | |
ANSWER | A. TRUE | B. FALSE |