Introduction To Operating Systems

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Introduction to Operating systems

·         Basic Terminology & Definitions

System, kernel, shell, program, hardware, software, system software, user applications, elements of computing system, operating systems, main memory, secondary memory, system call, multiprogramming, multiprocessing, timesharing, uniprocessor system, multiprocessor systems, file, process, interrupt, batch processing systems

·         Operating System Objectives and functions, issues in resource management

·         Operating system evolution

Generation of computers, advancements in OS development,  Serial Processing, Simple Batch Systems, Multiprogrammed Batch Systems, Time-Sharing Systems

·         Operating system structure

monolithic and layered structure , microkernel architecture, UNIX system architecture, block diagram of system kernel, OS design hierarchy, General structure of Os control tables, characteristics of      

 modern OS, SMP

·         Summary of System calls

       System calls for process management, device management, file    

       management, time management, signaling, protection

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Process

·         Basic Terminology & Definitions

      Task, program, process, thread, job, process state, process state transitions, process scheduling, process context, process mode, event, ready queue, blocked queue, suspended queue, resource, degree of multiprogramming, process priority, I/O scheduling, preemption, preemptive, nonpreemptive, process states

·         State Transition Models And Process Life Cycles

Two state model, five state model, seven state model, eleven state model,

Phases in and reasons of  Process creation, suspension, termination

·         Process Management

      PCB, Process image, mode switch Vs context switch

·         Threads

      Thread management, ULT, KLT, process switch Vs thread switch,

·         System Calls For Process Management

      Fork, kill, signal, exec, wait, exit, getpid, getppid, nice, brk

·         Process scheduling

Types of schedulers: Mid term-short term-long term schedulers, response time, waiting time, turnaround time, scheduling policies, uniprocessor scheduling, multiprocessor scheduling, real time scheduling, UNIX scheduling, LINUX scheduling, Comparative assessment of scheduling

·         Processes in Unix, Solaris and windows 2000 thread and SMP Management.

·         Multiple Choice Questions

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Process Concurrency

·         Basic Terminology & Definitions

Concurrency, Process synchronization, Mutual Exclusion, Race Condition,

Critical Section, Data Coherence, Deadlock, Livelock, starvation, atomic operation, busy waiting, Semaphore, Monitor, message passing, mutex,

·         Principles, Approaches and Requirements

process computation synchronizations,  properties of Critical Section implementation, solution mechanisms to achieve concurrency, requirements for mutual exclusion, design issues for concurrency.

·         Software Approaches

Dekker’s solution, Peterson’s solution, Comparison of both solutions

·         Hardware Approaches

Interrupt disabling, special instructions

·         Support from Operating systems and Programming Languages

Semaphores, Monitors, Message passing

·         Concurrency Mechanisms in different OS

Concurrency in Unix, Solaris and windows

·         Solutions To Classical Problems

Solutions to producer-consumer problem, readers-writers problem, sleeping barbershop problem using semaphore, monitors and message passing

·         Multiple Choice Questions

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Deadlock

·         Basic Terminology & Definitions

       Deadlock, livelock, starvation, resource allocation graph

·         Conditions To Deadlock, Approaches To Deadlock

      Mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, circular wait, deadlock  

       prevention, avoidance, detection and recovery, Ostrich Algorithm

·         Deadlock Prevention

 Solutions and demerits of the solutions for the conditions Mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, circular wait

·         Deadlock Avoidance

        Process initiation denial, resource allocation denial, banker’s algorithm,   

       safe-unsafe state

·         Deadlock Detection And Recovery

Detection algorithm, resource category, solutions to every category, integrated deadlock strategy

·         Dining philosophers problem

·         Solved problems

Problems on process initiation denial, resource allocation denial, detection algorithm, determine if the states are safe or unsafe.

·         Multiple Choice Questions

·         Exercise