INTRODUCTION : - 

 In biology, cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually

What is Cloning  ?

  Cloning is a scientific process that allows scientists to copy the genetic traits of a plant or animal to create one or more living replicas. In 1996, Scottish scientists successfully created the first mammal ever cloned from an adult cell—a sheep, which they named “Dolly.” This followed the 1995 cloning of two sheep from embryonic cells. Cloning is a highly controversial topic.  

The  clonnig was first made on animals that is the dolly sheep 

How the cloning process is done ?

clonning

Designer Meat for Dinner ?

  Over the past decade, mice, mules, horses, deer, oxen, cows, pigs, dogs and cats have all been cloned. With the advancement in cloning technology, particularly in farm animals, the potential for its use in industrial meat and dairy production has become a real concern for consumers. Scientists expect that in the future, cloning technology will be commonly used for replicating breeding animals. This would allow the meat and dairy industries to take advantage of the genetic traits of prized cows and bulls without being limited by the animal’s natural life span. 

List of animals that have been cloned

To see this list of animals cloning just click on the below link .

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animals_that_have_been_cloned

some pictures of cloned animals.

camel

sheep

news letter

Why are there no human clones?

Because of scientific, ethical, and commercial reasons.

The scientists who created Dolly — named after Dolly Parton, naturally — removed the DNA from a sheep ovum, fused the ovum with a mammary epithelial cell from an adult “donor” sheep, and transplanted the result, now carrying DNA only from the donor, into a surrogate ewe. But that technique, called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), turned out not to be so easy in other species.

“I think no one realized how hard cloning would be in some species though relatively easy in others,” said legal scholar and bioethicist Hank Greely of Stanford University. “Cats: easy; dogs: hard; mice: easy; rats: hard; humans and other primates: very hard.”

There has also been no commercial motive for human cloning. Both the assisted reproduction (IVF) and pharmaceutical industries “immediately said they had no interest in human cloning,” said bioethicist George Annas of Boston University. “That was a big deal. All new technologies are driven by the profit motive,” absent which they tend to languish.

The Raelians (a cult that believes humans are the clones of aliens) claimed in 2002 that they had cloned a baby from a 31-year-old American woman, but for some reason the now 13-year-old “Eve” has never stepped forward to claim her place in history.

Lets talks about the Important Pros and Cons of Cloning Humans

List of Pros of Cloning Humans

1. It could eliminate defective genes.
Though genetic illnesses are not a leading killer of people as of yet, there is a huge possibility that it will become one in the future. As humans reproduce continually, there is also an increase in damage to their DNA lines, creating defective and mutated genes, which could be eliminated by cloning healthy human cells.

2. It is considered as the logical next step in reproductive technology. 
Considering that identical twins are natural clones, we can regard reproductive cloning as the technological version of the process. When it comes to infertile couples, should not they be granted the opportunity to produce clones of themselves? For couples who have unfortunately lost their children, should not they be given the chance to replace their loved ones with clones, if possible? Moreover, those who have made significant contributions to science, the arts, music and literature would be ideally cloned to produce more of them to contribute more of their works.

3. It is an innovation that can change the world in a positive way. 
Cloning humans is an innovative method that is an extremely powerful tool to bring about a huge change for the entire world. Not only that plants and animals can be revived with cloning, but also humans can be cloned to offer potential benefits to other people who are living.

4. It aids in faster recovery from traumatic injuries. 
For people who became quadriplegic due to horrific traffic accidents and professional athletes who tore their ACLs, recovery time could be long or it is even impossible for them to get back to their original state. However, cloning their own cells can lower recovery time and true healing could occur.

5. It gives a new meaning to genetic modification. 
By cloning humans, it will be possible for potential parents to actually choose particular traits for their children. This means that sex, eye color and other characteristics can be selected and not left up to chance. For many people, this is a huge advantage and a great way to use science in a new light.

6. It could eliminate infertility. 
Though treatments for infertility these days are somehow successful, cloning can reached even greater heights, like being able to take cloned cells to create a younger twin of a father or a mother. This means infertile couples can experience happiness of having their own families without enduring painful procedures to treat infertility that are common today.

7. It can cure some disorders. 
The technology can potentially help cure certain disorders, by replacing damaged tissues and organs within the human body. The process of transplanting human organs can become simpler, with an immensely improved success rate. Though the possible medical benefits of cloning humans are still not fully known, it is argued that such a technology can completely transform the ways by which many disorders are being performed.

List of Cons of Cloning Humans

1. It risks the possibility of faster aging. 
As older cells are often used to create human clones, it is possible that their imprinted age could be adopted by the growing embryos, which can then create some premature aging issues and, potentially, even premature death.

2. It interferes with nature. 
Many opponents of the technology feel that its process is artificial and interferes with nature, even believing that the natural process of procreation is not something that should be corrected or altered in a way. They said that this form of interference is decidedly wrong and can lead to a domino effect, which means that other attributes of life could be changed or altered negatively as a result. If genes are modified to create beings who are smarter than others, the average person will not have a place in society.

3. It can bring forth a reduced sense of individuality. 
Though human clones would be a brand new set of life with unique preferences, a loss of individuality is still potential, as clones would be simply twins of someone else, regardless of the age of that other person might be.

4. It can cause a divide among people. 
One big drawback to cloning humans is its ability to divide people, where clones who are not treated as human beings can lead to social unrest and divide. And since there is already a great deal of gap and difference in the world today, from race to social status, many people feel that human cloning can result to a new difference that will only cause more harm.

5. It might decrease the overall value of human life. 
With human cloning on the rise, it is greatly possible that human beings would become more of a commodity than an individual. When parents do not like the children they have got, then they would just go clone another one in the hopes of getting it perfect the next time around. Also, it could create new societal division, where perfect clones would be treated in a different way than those who are naturally born.

6. It goes against religious ethics. 
People who have strong religious beliefs generally oppose the process of cloning humans, as they feel that it would result in man becoming the creator, changing the authority of a supreme being. Since religion often comes into play with regards to this controversial matter, there emerge very passionate opinions that are not necessarily based on facts, but rather emotional. Whatever these opinions are based upon, religion is definitely a motivating factor that keeps many people from agreeing with such a technology.

7. It might be used for exploitation. 
It is speculated that human cloning could eventually be used as a means to exploit people for other people’s vested interests. Though it might seem like a scenario straight from a sci-fi film that people might use clones for unlawful interests and crime, it is still possible if human cloning takes a common place in society.

8. It has seen a lot of failure. 
Opponents of human cloning feel that is a mute debate, since the technology is primarily unsuccessful. In fact, over 90% of human cloning attempts have been labeled as “failure”, which means that the human DNA is only put at risk during the process. As you can see, human DNA can be contaminated, and the chances of success are very rare. Also, the implications of what happens when the process goes wrong are still not fully understood, which is not good and could lead to problems that we will not be able to handle.

9. It is just a completely wrong idea for the many. 
Many people feel strongly the cloning humans is completely wrong, with the state of the technology at the moment possibly involving a huge number of damaged pregnancies to achieve a single live baby clone. Also, evidence suggests that clones often have built-in genetic defects and are unhealthy, which can lead to premature ageing and even death. They think that it would be completely wrong to bring children into the world knowing that they can be affected by these problems. With the dignity of human life and it genetic uniqueness at risk, people might be cloned unwillingly, leaving millions of cells around every day as they go about their normal lives shedding skin. There is no clear information on who will have control over who gets cloned, and firms are already making money from storing tissues from dead partners and children until the time when human cloning becomes widely available.

conclusion : 

Scientists have experimented with reproductive and therapeutic cloning for decades. Ideas that were once far-fetched are coming to life. Cloning experiments are being conducted on organisms ranging in size and complexity from small clusters of cells to farm animals. Some applications of cloning are already being tested on humans.

A review of the capabilities of reproductive and therapeutic cloning revealed that both methods have distinct benefits and disadvantages. When comparing these two cloning methods, it is concluded that therapeutic cloning is more beneficial for future medical applications, and is deserving of a higher concentration of governmental funding. The purpose of this scientific research is to make advancements that will improve the quality of life. The capability of culturing stem cells using an organism’s own genetic material and later transplanting them into diseased tissue is extraordinary. Treatments in humans using blood and bone stem cell transplants have already been successful. This contributes to optimism that therapeutic cloning will help overcome other human diseases. Even though there are risks, cloning would give people suffering from disease a chance for recovery, where there was none. even though there are advantage for the using of the clonning process but there are major dangerous thing  took place if some one  may  misuse this cloning technique.  If some one use this technique to give rebirth of person like hitler it would be so dangerous for all the human beings