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Assessment: Changing Our Minds

The following blog post comes from the rationality sequence, “How to Actually Change Your Mind”, written primarily by Eliezer Yudkowsky. Read the article, then respond to the questions on the following page.

Standard: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.8 Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.

We Change Our Minds Less Often Than We Think

"Over the past few years, we have discreetly approached colleagues faced with a choice between job offers, and asked them to estimate the probability that they will choose one job over another. The average confidence in the predicted choice was a modest 66%, but only 1 of the 24 respondents chose the option to which he or she initially assigned a lower probability, yielding an overall accuracy rate of 96%."

—Dale Griffin and Amos Tversky, "The Weighing of Evidence and the Determinants of Confidence." (Cognitive Psychology, 24, pp. 411-435.)

When I first read the words above—on August 1st, 2003, at around 3 o'clock in the afternoon—it changed the way I thought. I realized that once I could guess what my answer would be—once I could assign a higher probability to deciding one way than other—then I had, in all probability, already decided. We change our minds less often than we think. And most of the time we become able to guess what our answer will be within half a second of hearing the question.

How swiftly that unnoticed moment passes, when we can't yet guess what our answer will be; the tiny window of opportunity for intelligence to act. In questions of choice, as in questions of fact.

The principle of the bottom line is that only the actual causes of your beliefs determine your effectiveness as a rationalist. Once your belief is fixed, no amount of argument will alter the truth-value; once your decision is fixed, no amount of argument will alter the consequences.

You might think that you could arrive at a belief, or a decision, by non-rational means, and then try to justify it, and if you found you couldn't justify it, reject it.

But we change our minds less often—much less often—than we think.

I'm sure that you can think of at least one occasion in your life when you've changed your mind. We all can. How about all the occasions in your life when you didn't change your mind? Are you they as available, in your heuristic estimate of your competence?

- Eliezer Yudkowsky 03 October 2007 06:14PM

http://lesswrong.com/lw/jx/we_change_our_minds_less_often_than_we_think/

1. What is Yudkowsky's main argument in this blog post?

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2. What evidence does Yudkowsky use to support his argument?

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3. Does the evidence given by Yudkowsky support his argument? How?

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4. Yudkowsky says, “You might think that you could arrive at a belief, or a decision, by non-rational means, and then try to justify it, and if you found you couldn't justify it, reject it.” How is being unable/unlikely to change our minds relevant to this statement?

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