Chapter 3 Guided Notes for Concepts of Biology by Open Stax

Chapter 3 Guided Note Outline

3.1 How Cells are Studied

1. A ______________________________ is an instrument that magnifies an object.
2. Images of cells taken with a microscope are called ______________________.

Light Microscopes

1. Click on figure 3.2 and study the image of the two kinds of student light microscopes.

1. Name the two student lab microscopes shown in the image.

1. A light microscope may magnify an image up to approximately ________ times.
2. Define the two parameters that are important in microscopy.

1. Magnification - _____________________________________________________
2. Resolving Power - __________________________________________________

Electron Microscopes

1. How do electron microscopes differ from light microscopes?

Cell Theory

1. List the three principles of the unified cell theory.

1. ________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________

3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Components of Prokaryotic Cells

1. A simple, single-celled (unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles is a (see figure 3.5)

1. Prokaryotic cell
2. Eukaryotic cell
3. Virus

Eukaryotic Cells

1. Explain how a eukaryotic cell will differ from a prokaryotic cell

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

1. List the following items in order from smallest to largest using the figure 3.6 at a guide.

Chicken egg, mitochondrion, animal cell, frog egg, atom, bacteria, and flu virus

1. _____________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
4. ______________________________
5. ______________________________
6. ______________________________
7. ______________________________
8. ______________________________
9. ______________________________

1. Place an (A) next to those things in the above list that can be seen with the naked eye, a (B) next to those can be seen with a light microscope and a (C) next to those that need an electron microscope to be seen.

3.3 Eukaryotic Cells

Using your textbook for help please name the organelle to the correct function

Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells

1. In the following table below list four structures present only in plant cells and four structures only possessed by plant cells

1. In this activity name the plant cell structure to the correct function.

Extracellular Matrix of Animal Cells

1. Name the two primary components of the extracellular matrix of animal cells.
2. What are the functions of the extracellular matrix?

Intercellular Junctions

1. Fill in each box of the table with “yes” if that component is present or “no” if it is not. Refer to table 3.1 for help

3.4 The Cell Membrane

1. In 1972 S.J. Singer and Garth Nicolson proposed the __________________ _________________ model that better explained the both microscopic observations and the function of the plasma membrane.
2. What is the plasma membrane primarily made up of?

1. Briefly explain the main fabric of the plasma membrane.

1. Proteins make up the second major component of plasma membranes. Briefly list and describe their functions.

1. Carbohydrates are the third major component of the plasma membrane.  Describe how they contribute to the overall structure of the plasma membrane.

3.5 Passive Transport

1. What is selective permeability as it applies to the plasma membranes of cells?
2. Define passive transport –
3. A physical space in which there is a different concentration of a single substance is said to have a__________________________________________
4. Plasma membranes are (symmetric/asymmetric)
5. Is diffusion a passive or an active process?  Explain diffusion is a sentence or two.
6. List and briefly explain the four factors that affect the rate of diffusion.

1. ____________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________________________

1. Facilitated transport –
2. Osmosis –

1. Solute -

1. Tonicity –

1. Osmolarity –
2. Hypotonic –
3. Hypertonic –
4. Isotonic –

For the figure below label each cell correctly hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic.

        __________________        ________________        __________________

3.6 Active Transport

1. How do active transport mechanisms differ from passive transport?
2. Briefly explain what is meant by an electrochemical gradient.
3. What is primary active transport? List an example as it occurs in cells.
4. What is secondary active transport? List an example that occurs in cells.
5. Exocytosis –
6. Endocytosis –
7. Phagocytosis –
8. Pinocytosis –
9. Receptor-mediated endocytosis –

Make flashcards of the key terms listed at the back of this chapter