This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Sponges are a diverse group of aquatic animals with porous bodies that produce a vast array of natural products, some with important medicinal properties, but their porous body structure also provides ample habitat for symbiotic microorganisms, which can account for up to 35% of their total body weight. Previous studies looking at the unique natural products produced by sponges have rarely taken this close relationship into account, making the extent to which microorganisms actually produce them unclear. To fill this gap, a team of researchers identified the chemical compounds found in the tissues of six sponge species from the Great Barrier Reef and their symbiotic microbes. Several compounds with potential roles in competition and defense against intruding organisms and oxidative stress were specifically attributed to the microbial cells, while the compounds produced by the sponge tissues may provide nutrients to the symbiotic microorganisms and aid in sponge defense..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Chemistry is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the two-semester general chemistry course. The textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. The book also includes a number of innovative features, including interactive exercises and real-world applications, designed to enhance student learning.

Coverage and scope
Our Chemistry textbook adheres to the scope and sequence of most general chemistry courses nationwide. We strive to make chemistry, as a discipline, interesting and accessible to students. With this objective in mind, the content of this textbook has been developed and arranged to provide a logical progression from fundamental to more advanced concepts of chemical science. Topics are introduced within the context of familiar experiences whenever possible, treated with an appropriate rigor to satisfy the intellect of the learner, and reinforced in subsequent discussions of related content. The organization and pedagogical features were developed and vetted with feedback from chemistry educators dedicated to the project.

Chapter 1: Essential Ideas
Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Chapter 3: Composition of Substances and Solutions
Chapter 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
Chapter 5: Thermochemistry
Chapter 6: Electronic Structures and Periodic Properties of Elements
Chapter 7: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
Chapter 8: Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding
Chapter 9: Gases
Chapter 10: Liquids and Solids
Chapter 11: Solutions and Colloids
Chapter 12: Kinetics
Chapter 13: Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts
Chapter 14: Acid-Base Equilibria
Chapter 15: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes
Chapter 16: Thermodynamics
Chapter 17: Electrochemistry
Chapter 18: Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals
Chapter 19: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
Chapter 20: Organic Chemistry
Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry

Pedagogical foundation and features
Throughout Chemistry, you will find features that draw the students into scientific inquiry by taking selected topics a step further. Students and educators alike will appreciate discussions in these feature boxes.

Chemistry in Everyday Life ties chemistry concepts to everyday issues and real-world applications of science that students encounter in their lives. Topics include cell phones, solar thermal energy power plants, plastics recycling, and measuring blood pressure.
How Sciences Interconnect feature boxes discuss chemistry in context of its interconnectedness with other scientific disciplines. Topics include neurotransmitters, greenhouse gases and climate change, and proteins and enzymes.
Portrait of a Chemist presents a short bio and an introduction to the work of prominent figures from history and present day so that students can see the “face” of contributors in this field as well as science in action.

After a brief history of plastics, students look more closely as some examples from the abundant types of plastics found in our day-to-day lives. They are introduced to the mechanical properties of plastics, including their stress-strain relationships, which determine their suitability for different industrial and product applications. These physical properties enable plastics to be fabricated into a wide range of products. Students learn about the different roles that plastics play in our lives, Young's modulus, and the effects that plastics have on our environment. Then students act as industrial engineers, conducting tests to compare different plastics and performing a cost-benefit analysis to determine which are the most cost-effective for a given application, based on their costs and measured physical properties.

In this exercise students work with light, temperature, and phytoplankton biomass proxy (chlorophyll a concentration) data to;

Become more skilled in reading and interpreting semi log graphs, temperature profiles, and time series plots.
Practice unit conversions.
Gain an understanding of k, the attenuation coefficient for nondirectional light.
See how the depth of the photic zone and the surface mixed layer varies seasonally at temperate latitudes and how this relates to seasonal phytoplankton productivity dynamics.

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In this activity, students collaboratively "build" the hydrologic cycle and use it as a starting point for thinking about the composition of seawater.

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Students are given a variety of materials and asked to identify each material as a solid, liquid or gas. They use their five senses ‰ŰÓ sight, sound, smell, texture and taste ‰ŰÓ to identify the other characteristics of each item.

This is an in-class activity. I used it relatively early in the semester, after covering the basic water properties portion of the class. I use the relationship between temperature/salinity/density to begin discussing vertical movement of water. The first purpose of this activity is to reinforce the concepts that have just been explained about the relationship between temperature and density and salinity and density. The second purpose is to bring these ideas back to what they have learned about density differences. Finally, the activity is also designed to help them learn how to read graphs.

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This learning activity is designed to be used in a large introductory chemistry course, as part of a larger module of learning activities that includes prior viewing of an interactive instructional video. Instructional videos are to be viewed before class meetings. During class time, students work in small groups and discuss the presented information and question prompts, and will build upon the concepts discussed in that video in order to develop a new, extended concept.Students should be tasked with working together to complete the prompts in each section of the activity by a set time limit. After each section is completed, the entire class can share their answers via a personal response system, and the instructor can review and explain the correct responses, using the accompanying slide deck, which translates the problems into multiple-choice prompts.Instructional resources include 1) interactive instructional videos (these can be embedded directly into the learning management system) 2) the learning activity (.docx and .pdf) 3) the learning objectives (.docx and .pdf) and 4) the slide deck (.pptx). - Chemical Bonding- Resonance - Intermolecular Forces- Collision Theory- Equilibrium- Nucleophiles and Electrophiles

In this unit, students explore the role of ocean circulation in climate modification and bioproductivity. The activities require students to interpret the effect of horizontal and vertical seawater movement on heat distribution, carbon dioxide dissolution, and nutrient availability. Students will use their new knowledge to predict how those parameters may change as a result of major shifts in ocean circulation associated with global climate change.

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Students will be provided with seawater pH and carbon dioxide concentration (pCO2) data spanning as far back as 1850. They will describe trends in pH, pCO2 and atmospheric CO2 concentration, outline why these parameters are related, and predict how changes in these parameters will affect marine biology. Each group of students will be given a different set of data from different regions and asked to compare with other groups to determine if seawater pH change is a global or regional phenomena. This unit will provide students with an understanding of the pH buffering system and an opportunity to interpret real climate data.

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Students will be able to identify the functional roles that organisms play in ocean ecosystems. How do human-induced changes in ocean conditions affect biodiversity, and thereby the health and resilience of a coral reef? Students explore and discuss the direct and indirect impacts that ocean acidification can have on species, food web dynamics, ecosystem function, and commercial resources. At the end of this unit the students should be able to articulate how changes in ocean chemistry can create negative outcomes for humans who depend on living ocean resources.

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Students will read and summarize an article that details scientific studies on behavioral changes of gray whales. Discussed are their feeding behavior, migratory behavior, and breeding patterns in the Pacific. Students will examine the whales' responses and discuss in small groups how the responses relate to climate change. By interpreting potential links between gray whale behavior and changed ocean conditions, students will be able to infer the ecological role that gray whales play within a community and an ecosystem. Students will summarize the main concepts, scientific evidence, data and observations cited, and justify why gray whales can be considered "ecosystem sentinels."

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A primary objective of marine science classes is to learn the location and formation of ocean sediment types. Nearly 50 years of scientific ocean drilling has produced a tremendous scientific collection of cores from the global ocean floor. In addition, there are large online databases and related publications that have a wealth of associated information to supplement physical cores. Here we created a virtual marine core collection that provides exemplars of the primary ocean sediment lithologies, along with links to expedition reports and datasets, and tips for making requests for real core samples to use in education.

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Students use a microcomputer connected to a conductivity probe to measure the total dissolved solids in local area water samples.

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This presentation goes into detail the different kinds of energy there is in the world. While talking about mechanical, potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear, and gravitational energy, it also goes into day-to-day relation between us and these types of energy.