Literature Review Assignment
Overview
City of Bangalore was put on world aviation map in 1941 by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL). Initial purpose of Airport was to build and repair planes in India and later for commercial operations. Since then city has not looked back, currently has four airports that caters to different segment of aviation. HAL airport continue to support civilian, VIP aircraft movements, charter flights and air ambulances, Yalehankha Airport for defense training, Jakkur Airport for training and hobby flying and newly built BIAL (Bangalore International Airport Ltd) for civil domestic and international operations. The growth of aviation infrastructure and particular airports has led to significant social, economic and environmental impact. There is not much effort from government for measuring, monitoring, sharing and containing the impact. India is signatory to UN SDG (Sustainable Development Goals), COP27 goals and there is ample need for periodically assessing ESG impact and take measure.
Literature Review
City of Bangalore was put on world aviation map in 1941 by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL). Initial purpose of Airport was to build and repair planes in India and later for commercial operations. Since then city has not looked back, currently has four airports that caters to different segment of aviation. HAL airport continue to support civilian, VIP aircraft movements, charter flights and air ambulances, Yalehankha Airport for defense training, Jakkur Airport for training and hobby flying and newly built BIAL (Bangalore International Airport Ltd) for civil domestic and international operations. The growth of aviation infrastructure and particular airports has led to significant social, economic and environmental impact. There is not much effort from government for measuring, monitoring, sharing and containing the impact. India is signatory to UN SDG (Sustainable Development Goals), COP27 goals and there is ample need for periodically assessing ESG impact and take measure. A research title is ‘Understanding and Minimizing Aviation noise pollution for sustainable development of aviation infrastructure in Bangalore’. Below is literature review report with themes of the articles identified as part of literature review.
- Growth of aviation leading to decline in environment
- Overview
Aviation contributes to 3.5% of the global GDP and to numerous social upliftments through direct and indirect means (Ramakrishnan J et al., 2022). As per the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) study, carbon emission from commercial aircraft increased by 32% between 2013 and 2018. The share of aviation emissions by domestic flights has grown significantly with the rise of low-cost carriers (Topham, 2019). The volume of toxic emissions from the aviation industry is expected to surge in the coming years. A considerable amount of electricity is consumed to meet the energy requirement of airport infrastructures such as terminal buildings, aprons, and ground. With growth it brings consequences to environment though it brings economic and social benefits.
- Noise Pollution
- The land areas surrounding to the aircraft’s approach path (taking-off and landing) are significantly affected by aircraft noise (ICAO, 2020). People settle around the airport due to several reasons due to proximity to work place. Real estate rapidly grows along with the infrastructure at airport. Proximity to aviation noise pollution. It lead to several diseases.
- Direct connection to the fast-occurring cataclysmic climate change with
- Noise Pollution
an estimated consumption of 5% of the world's remaining carbon budget by 2050 (Postorino and Mantecchini, 2014) (Ramakrishnan J et al., 2022).
- Operational noise exposure resulting from optimizing the use of current aircraft and infrastructure, and the related benefits of technology and infrastructure improvements.
- Sustainability of Airport and aviation infrastructure
- Overview
Sustainability has become a focus area for practitioners and scholars due to the growing socio-economic issues. The sustainability of airport operations is being raised in various international platforms. This paper aims to identify the dimensions of sustainability and evaluate sustainable practices in airports of selected ASEAN countries. The various dimensions associated with the environmental aspect are energy management, emissions management, water and effluents management, solid waste management. It was understood that noise management, employee development, and community investment belong to the social dimension. Similarly, the factors such as economic contribution, passenger experience, airport safety, and security are inclined to economic dimensions of sustainability. It was found that environmentally sustainable practices have greater importance than social and economic initiatives in the airport context which provide quantifiable benefits for airports in the long term.
- Sustainability practices in airports
- Sustainable initiatives in airports, such as employee development, energy management, and passenger safety, supported sustainable development goals (SDG) 8, SDG 9, and SDG 11. A weak connection is observed between SDG 14 & SDG 15 and the airport’s sustainable practices(Sreenath S et al., 2022)
- Sustainability practices in airports
- Environmental sustainability has become an important phenomenon to address the sector's environmental crisis and realize the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (Centre for Aviation, 2019). Serious contributions from every component industry are required to curtail the aviation sector's climate change problem. Airports are vital energy and capital-intensive investments with high environmental emission potential but are mostly neglected from the aviation emissions and are often forgotten during the sector's environmental criticisms. Airports alone can significantly contribute to the sector's environmental emissions (Airport Technology, 2018) as 14,000 airports operate worldwide (Uniting Aviation, 2018). With the increasing air traffic growth potential in developing economies like India and China, further new airport construction and major airport expansions are also expected (Airport Technology, 2018). In pursuit of an eco-friendly and carbon-neutral industry, the airports in recent years have come under a higher level of scrutiny from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for their development and operations (Booth, 2019) (Ramakrishnan J et al., 2022)
References
Sreenath S, Sudhakar K, Yusop AF (2021). Sustainability at airports: Technologies and best practices from ASEAN countries. Journal of Environmental Management
Ramakrishnan J, Liu T, Yu R, Seshadri K, Gou K (2022). Towards greener airports: Development of an assessment framework by leveraging sustainability reports and rating tools. Environmental Impact Assessment Review