Education Standards
NaijaCLIMATE- Module II-Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Practices: The Nigerian Experience!
Overview
This is the second module of the Open Tutorial NaijaCLIMATE.At the end of this tutorial, participants will be able to:
1. Describe strategies and solutions for adapting to and mitigating the effects
of climate change in Nigeria, using both local and global best practices
and approaches applicable to Nigerians.
2. Identify how they can take the first action to adapt to the climate crises in
Nigeria, based on relevant examples or activities in their context (including
activism, climate action enterprises and businesses or communicating
about the climate crises).
Project Funders
Lesson 1: Why should Nigerians adapt to the climate crises?
In this exciting module, we will delve into the world of climate change adaptation and mitigation specifically tailored to Nigeria.
Throughout this module, we'll address important questions such as: Why is it crucial for Nigerians to adapt to the climate crises? What can we do as a community, nation, or even as individuals to combat the effects of climate change? And most importantly, how can you take action to help Nigeria and Nigerians adapt to this changing climate?
We'll draw inspiration from local and global best practices, ensuring that the strategies and approaches we discuss are relevant and applicable to the Nigerian context.
And as we explore these topics, we'll use a narrative approach, sharing stories and examples that will make the learning experience both enjoyable and insightful.
Whether you're a non-specialist looking to understand how climate change affects Nigeria, or a motivated youth ready to take action, this module is designed with you in mind. Together, let's discover the exciting world of climate change adaptation and mitigation, and learn how we can make a positive difference for Nigeria and its people.
So, get ready for an inspiring journey through the Nigerian experience of tackling climate change! Let's dive into the lessons and explore the strategies that will help us build a climate-resilient future for our beloved country.
Climate Change Adaptation Challenges Faced by Nigeria
Let's talk about climate change adaptation in Nigeria and the challenges we face. Nigeria is among the top ten most vulnerable countries to climate change, which means we're feeling the impacts strongly. Imagine more intense rainfall, droughts, floods, rising sea levels, and erosion causing all sorts of problems for us 1,2,3
These impacts are no joke. They've led to lower crop yields, food insecurity, poverty getting worse, people being forced to leave their homes, and even conflicts popping up 2,3. It's a tough situation, especially since we rely heavily on fossil fuels, which are becoming less and less important in a world aiming to reduce their use. 2
In addition to all these, we face some other hurdles. There's limited political will to tackle climate change head-on, not enough money going into adaptation efforts, corruption sneaking in, and poor coordination among different government agencies 1,2,3.
However, Nigeria is not sitting still. We've taken some important steps to fight back against climate change. For example, we launched the Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) in 2012, which aims to tackle erosion and water-related issues. We've also embraced innovative approaches that involve our communities and passed the Climate Change Act in 2021, which sets targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promotes green and sustainable growth. We're aiming for net-zero emissions between 2050 and 2070! 1,2
Now, it's time to assess our current adaptation efforts and figure out how we can build climate-resilient communities. We want to take inclusive, effective, and sustainable actions to make sure we're ready to face the challenges ahead.
Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience vs. Climate Mitigation: What's the Difference?
Why Africa Suffers Most Despite Contributing Less
It's a puzzling fact: Africa contributes relatively little to the greenhouse gas emissions causing climate change, yet it bears the brunt of its impacts.
Picture this: Africa is like the innocent goalkeeper who gets hit with all the shots even though they didn't cause the game to be played in the first place. Here's why Africa and Nigeria is most vulnerable to climate change:
- Limited Resources: Many African countries face challenges in accessing the necessary resources to adapt to and cope with climate change impacts. This includes financial resources, technology, and even basic infrastructure like clean water and healthcare facilities.
- Vulnerable Ecosystems: Africa is home to diverse ecosystems, including forests, deserts, and coastal areas. These ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to climate change, which disrupts their delicate balance and threatens the biodiversity and livelihoods of local communities.
- Poverty and Limited Development: Poverty and limited development exacerbate Africa's vulnerability to climate change. Lack of infrastructure, limited access to education, and healthcare make it difficult for African countries to adapt and respond effectively to the impacts of climate change.
Consequences of Inaction
Now, let's understand the potential consequences if we don't take action to address climate change. Picture a Nigeria where extreme weather events like floods, droughts, and heatwaves become more frequent and intense.
In agriculture, imagine crops failing, leading to food shortages and higher prices. Livestock might struggle to find sufficient water and grazing land, impacting the livelihoods of pastoral communities. The health of Nigerians could be at risk too, with the spread of diseases like malaria and waterborne illnesses becoming more prevalent.
Infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and buildings, could suffer damage from flooding and erosion. This affects transportation, communication, and access to essential services. Industries and businesses might face disruptions, leading to job losses and economic instability.
The consequences of inaction go beyond individual sectors. They pose risks to the overall well-being of Nigerians, threatening food security, water availability, health, and economic prosperity. It's important that we take action to adapt to the changing climate.
Shifting Focus to Adaptation and Resilience in Africa and Nigeria
Given Africa's unique challenges and limited contribution to climate change, it makes sense for us to prioritize adaptation and resilience over mitigation. Here's why:
- Urgent Need for Protection: Africa, including Nigeria, is already experiencing the devastating impacts of climate change, such as extreme heatwaves, droughts, floods, and crop failures. By focusing on adaptation and resilience, we can protect our people, ecosystems, and economies from these risks.
- Building a Sustainable Future: Adaptation and resilience efforts create opportunities for sustainable development. By investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, renewable energy, and sustainable agriculture, we can build a more sustainable and prosperous future for Africa.
- Enhancing Self-Sufficiency: By adapting to climate change, Africa can become less dependent on external aid and resources. Developing our own capacity for adaptation and resilience empowers us to take control of our future and reduce our vulnerability to climate-related crises.
So, let's come together and focus on adaptation and resilience to protect our communities, safeguard our natural treasures, and secure a brighter future for Africa and Nigeria. It's time to tackle climate change head-on, adapt like champions, and build a resilient defense against its impacts.
Lesson 2: What do Nigerians do at all Levels to Adapt and Mitigate against Climate Change
Introduction
Welcome to lesson 2 of our climate change adaptation journey in Nigeria!
In this lesson, we're going to explore a number of ideas and solutions that can be used at different levels - from our local communities to the whole nation - to take on the challenges of climate change. We'll be looking at what has worked globally and how we can adapt those best practices to fit perfectly into the Nigerian context.
Don't worry, even if you're not an expert in this stuff, we'll break it down in simple terms and make it super fun and engaging. Together, we'll discover the power of community action, national initiatives, and even individual contributions to create a climate-resilient Nigeria.
So, get ready to learn, have some fun, and become a climate change champion in your own way. Let's show the world what we can do when we unite to protect our beautiful country from the impacts of climate change. Are you ready? Let's go!
Community Level Adaptation
Let's talk about the power of communities and how they can lead the change in adapting to climate change in Nigeria.
We know that when communities come together and take ownership of the challenges they face, incredible things can happen. That's why community participation is so important in adaptation processes, especially at the local level. It's all about working together, including everyone, and making sure that our actions are responsive to different needs, including those of women and men. 6,
In Nigeria, our national efforts are focused on five priority sectors: agriculture, forestry, and land use; food security and health; energy and transportation; waste management; and water and sanitation. These sectors play a crucial role in our everyday lives, and they need to be resilient in the face of climate change. 6
One way we're doing this is through community-based adaptation approaches. These approaches are all about finding smart and sustainable solutions that work for our communities. For example, we're embracing climate-resilient agriculture, where we adjust our farming practices to reduce the risks posed by climate change. We're also practicing sustainable land management and conserving our precious water resources. 6, 7
Community Level Adaptation
Let's take a look at some amazing initiatives happening right here in Nigeria.
The Community-Led Climate Adaptation Programme for Sustainable Livelihoods in Coastal Areas of Southwestern Nigeria is all about building resilient communities and ecosystems. They're adjusting agricultural practices and harnessing coping strategies to adapt to climate change. It's a holistic approach that puts the power in the hands of the community. 8
We also have success stories like the Community and Social Development Project (CSDP), which is all about improving social services and infrastructure by empowering communities. They provide grants and use a community-driven approach to make sure the most vulnerable among us have access to better lives. 1
The Strategic Action for Community Development Nigeria (SACD-Nigeria) are a coalition of awesome civil society organizations working together to empower everyday people in Nigeria.
In a nutshell, community participation and ownership are vital in adapting to climate change. We need everyone on board! And community-based adaptation approaches are the way to go. We've seen inspiring examples like the CSDP and SACD-Nigeria making a real difference in Nigeria. 9
So, let's keep the spirit of community alive, embrace sustainable solutions, and show the world that Nigeria is a force to be reckoned with when it comes to adapting to climate change! Together, we can make our communities resilient and build a brighter future.
Individual Level Actions
In this part of lesson 2, we'll explore how each and every one of us can make a real difference in adapting to climate change.
Let's start by conserving water. Turning off the water while you soap up or shampoo. Taking short showers instead of long baths is another way to save water and energy. These small actions add up to big water savings!
Individual Level Actions
Now, let's talk about conserving energy. It's time to upgrade to energy-efficient fixtures like LED light bulbs and appliances. Not only will this make your home eco-friendlier, but it'll also save you some cash on your energy bills. And have you ever considered reducing your carbon footprint by flying less, opting for public transportation,cycling or even walking and enjoying more plant-based meals? Every choice you make counts!
Living sustainably means being mindful of how our lifestyle impacts the world around us. It's all about making choices that are better for us and the planet. So, let's use our clothes and electrical products for longer, embrace the power of renewable energy, and create a more sustainable and climate-resilient home sweet home.
Individual Level Actions
Additionally:
- Recycling: This can be achieved by separating recyclable materials from non-recyclable materials and disposing of them properly.
- Supporting sustainable tourism: This can be achieved by supporting ecotourism and sustainable tourism initiatives.
- Using clean cooking technologies: This can be achieved by using clean cooking technologies such as LPG, biogas, and electric cookstoves.
- Supporting sustainable communities: This can be achieved by supporting sustainable community development initiatives.
In a nutshell, it's time for each of us take personal responsibility for climate change. By conserving water and energy, adopting sustainable lifestyles, and spreading climate awareness in our communities.
Lesson 3: Climate Action (How do I act)
Introduction
Welcome to Lesson 3!
Have you ever felt overwhelmed about how to make a difference in the fight against climate change? In this lesson, we're going to dive into some exciting and practical ways you can make a real difference in tackling climate change.
Now, you might be wondering, "What can I do?" Well, this tutorial has some awesome ideas to share with you. We'll explore different avenues for taking action, and guess what? You don't need to be a climate expert or have a fancy degree. All you need is a passion for change and a willingness to roll up your sleeves.
First up, we'll take a look at the Power of Activism. Think of it as becoming a climate superhero, fighting for a better world. We'll show you how to organise rallies, speak up for climate policies, and connect with decision-makers. Get ready to be the voice that sparks change!
But that's not all. We'll also dive into the world of Climate Action Enterprises and Businesses. Yes, you can be an eco-entrepreneur and make green solutions a reality. From renewable energy projects to sustainable agriculture ventures, we'll explore the exciting opportunities waiting for you. Who said saving the planet couldn't be profitable?
And here's a secret weapon: Effective Communication. We'll unlock the secrets of spreading the climate change message far and wide. Through storytelling, social media, and engaging with diverse audiences, you can inspire others to join the movement. Get ready to be a climate communicator extraordinaire!
So, whether you're a young Nigerian with big dreams or someone looking to make a difference in Nigeria, this lesson is for you. Together, we'll explore practical steps, have fun along the way, and create a ripple effect of climate action that will shape a brighter future for Nigeria and its people.
Theory: The Climate Venn Diagram
Before you dive into the climate actions, lets take a look at the Climate Venn Diangram by Ayana Elizabeth Johnson.
Ayana Elizabeth Johnson reminds us that climate action isn't just about doom and gloom. It can be joyful and fulfilling too! In her inspiring TED talk, she shows us how to find joy in our efforts to save the planet.
The Climate Action Venn Diagram
Ayana Elizabeth Johnson Climate Action Venn Diagram consists of three overlapping circles:
The goal is to be in the heart of the Venn diagram, where these three circles overlap, for as many minutes of your life as possible.
By answering the questions in each circle, you can identify their unique way of getting involved in climate action. See an example in the next slide!
The Climate Action Venn Diagram
- What you're good at: This circle represents the skills, talents, and abilities that individuals possess. By identifying what they are good at, individuals can find ways to use their strengths to contribute to climate action.
- What the world needs: This circle represents the actions that are necessary to address the challenges of climate change. By identifying what the world needs, individuals can find ways to make a meaningful impact on the environment.
- What you love: This circle represents the things that individuals are passionate about. By identifying what they love, individuals can find ways to get involved in climate action that are fulfilling and enjoyable.
Lets take a look at this example:
Based on this theory – internalise the discussions in the next lessons, and determine what your ideal climate action is:
Activism
Here's how to get started with activism in a few simple steps:
- Educate yourself: Start by learning about climate change and its impact on the planet. This will help you become a more effective activist and give you confidence in your climate action journey.
- Organise rallies: Gather like-minded individuals and organise rallies to bring attention to the climate crisis. Attend spaces, meetings discussion platformsnand make your voice heard. Sign petitions calling for climate action.
- Speak up for climate policies: Connect with decision-makers and advocate for climate policies that will help safeguard a livable future. Amplify the voices of your peers and community members when they speak about climate change.
- Do what you're good at: There are many ways to be a climate activist, so do what you're good at. This can be anything from joining demonstrations to calling your representatives, to providing childcare and food to other people while they take to the streets.
Remember, not all climate activism is created equal. Focus on direct action that puts pressure on national and business leaders to take action to safeguard a livable future. With these steps, you can make some noise and be the voice that sparks change!
Climate Action Enterprises and Business
Climate change is a global issue that requires everyone's participation to address. As an entrepreneur or business owner, you can make a difference by exploring opportunities for sustainable entrepreneurship and climate-related businesses. This can include green technologies, renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and eco-tourism.
Here are some practical steps you can take:
- Educate yourself: Learn about climate change and its impact on businesses. This can help you become a more effective entrepreneur and give you confidence in your climate action journey.
- Develop business ideas: Explore opportunities for sustainable entrepreneurship and climate-related businesses. This can include green technologies, renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and eco-tourism.
- Access funding and support: There are many organizations that provide funding and support for climate-resilient enterprises. You can research and apply for grants, loans, and other forms of financial assistance.
- Overcome challenges: Establishing a climate-resilient enterprise can be challenging. You may face obstacles such as regulatory barriers, lack of resources, and limited market demand. However, with determination and perseverance, you can overcome these challenges and succeed.
Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Climate-Related businesses in Nigeria
Nigeria has several successful sustainable businesses that contribute to sustainable development. Here are some specific examples:
- Lawns business/landscaping: Landscaping is a growing business in Nigeria, with many entrepreneurs offering lawn care and gardening services. These businesses promote environmental sustainability by using organic fertilizers and reducing water consumption.
- Waste management: Waste management is a critical issue in Nigeria, with many cities facing challenges related to waste disposal and pollution. These waste can be recycled into reusable products. Several entrepreneurs are developing innovative solutions to address these challenges, such as recycling and waste-to-energy projects.
CASE STUDY: WECYCLERS
Wecyclers: Wecyclers is a waste management company in Nigeria that helps low-income communities exchange their recyclable waste for cash and other rewards. The company uses low-cost cargo bicycles to provide convenient recycling services to households across Nigeria. Wecyclers is in partnership with various organizations, including Nestle Nigeria, Guinness Nigeria, and Lagos State Waste Management Authority 12
- Renewable energy: Nigeria has abundant renewable energy resources, including solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. Several companies are investing in renewable energy projects, such as solar power plants and wind farms, to promote sustainable development.
- Sustainable agriculture: Sustainable agriculture is an emerging sector in Nigeria, with many entrepreneurs adopting organic farming practices and promoting food security. These businesses promote environmental sustainability by reducing the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
- Eco-tourism: Nigeria has several natural attractions, such as national parks and wildlife reserves, that offer opportunities for eco-tourism. Several entrepreneurs are developing eco-tourism businesses that promote environmental conservation and community development.
Effective Communication
When it comes to tackling climate change, one of the most powerful tools you have in your arsenal is effective communication. Let's dive into some practical steps to become a climate communication superstar!
Step 1: Spread the Word: First, understand the importance of effective communication in raising awareness and inspiring action. You have the power to be a climate change champion and ignite a spark of change in others. Remember, every conversation counts!
Step 2: Craft Persuasive Messages: Now, let's talk about crafting messages that pack a punch. Use simple, relatable language to convey the urgency of climate change and its impact on Nigeria and Nigerians. Paint a vivid picture of the challenges we face, but also highlight the opportunities for a brighter future. Be positive, inspiring, and let your passion shine through!
Step 3: Harness the Power of Social Media: Social media is your superhero sidekick in the fight against climate change. Utilize platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook to reach a wide audience and spread your message far and wide. Share informative posts, eye-catching visuals, and engaging videos to capture attention and spark conversations. Don't forget to use hashtags to join the global climate conversation!
Step 4: Engage with Diverse Audiences: Climate change affects everyone, so it's important to engage with diverse audiences. Tailor your message to different age groups, backgrounds, and interests. Whether you're speaking to students, community leaders, or policymakers, adapt your approach to resonate with their specific concerns and values. Remember, we're in this together!
Step 5: The Power of Storytelling: Stories have the incredible ability to create connections and inspire action. Share personal stories or narratives that illustrate the impacts of climate change in Nigeria. Whether it's a farmer battling drought or a coastal community adapting to rising sea levels, stories bring the reality of climate change to life. Be authentic, compelling, and let the power of storytelling captivate your audience.
Step 6: Visualise Change: Use visuals to convey your message in a fun and engaging way. Infographics, photos, and videos can make complex climate concepts more accessible and understandable. Show before-and-after images of climate impacts and solutions, or create compelling graphics that inspire action. Remember, a picture is worth a thousand words!
By following these steps, you can become a climate communication superstar. Your words, messages, and stories have the power to mobilise others, inspire action, and create a groundswell of climate change adaptation in Nigeria.
Together, let's harness the power of effective communication and change the world, one conversation at a time!
References
- Land, soil and climate change: How Nigeria is enhancing climate resilience to save the future of its people. World Bank. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/10/18/land-soil-and-climate-change-how-nigeria-is-enhancing-climate-resilience-to-save-the-future-of-its-people.
- APRI. Climate Change Adaptation in Nigeria: Strategies, Initiatives, and Practices. APRI 2022. Available at: https://afripoli.org/climate-change-adaptation-in-nigeria-strategies-initiatives-and-practices.
- Nwankpa A, Focus A in. Managing existential risk and climate resilience: The case of Nigeria. Brookings 2022. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2022/03/14/managing-existential-risk-and-climate-resilience-the-case-of-nigeria/.
- Nigeria. Nigeria | Climate Action Tracker. Available at: https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/nigeria/.
- Oladapo O. The Nigerian Government is Designing a National Adaptation Plan - Climate Scorecard. Climate Scorecard 2022. Available at: https://www.climatescorecard.org/2022/10/the-nigerian-government-is-designing-a-national-adaptation-plan/.
- APRI. Climate Action Strategies, Practices and Initiatives: Challenges and Opportunities for Locally-Led Adaptation in Nigeria. APRI 2023. Available at: https://afripoli.org/climate-action-strategies-practices-and-initiatives-challenges-and-opportunities-for-locally-led-adaptation-in-nigeria.
- https://unfccc.int/climate-action/momentum-for-change/activity-database/pathways-to-climate-resilient-livelihood-models-an-ecosystem-based-approach. Available at: https://unfccc.int/climate-action/momentum-for-change/activity-database/pathways-to-climate-resilient-livelihood-models-an-ecosystem-based-approach.
- Nigeria: The Community-Led Approach that is Helping Inclusive Development. World Bank. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/10/27/nigeria-the-community-led-approach-that-is-helping-inclusive-development.
- Strategic Action for Community Development Nigeria (SACD-Nigeria). Strategic Action for Community Development Nigeria (SACD-Nigeria) – The Movement for Community-led Development 2021. Available at: https://mcld.org/nigeria/.
- Ro C. Can fashion ever be sustainable? Can fashion ever be sustainable? - BBC Future. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200310-sustainable-fashion-how-to-buy-clothes-good-for-the-climate.
- Palacios-Mateo C, van der Meer Y, Seide G. Analysis of the polyester clothing value chain to identify key intervention points for sustainability. Environmental Sciences Europe 2021;33. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-00447-x.
- Wecyclers - Wikipedia. Wecyclers - Wikipedia 2022. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wecyclers.