Education Standards
DNA Models
Creating DNA Models
Overview
This lesson plan engages students in constructing a simple DNA model using everyday objects like licorice, gummy candies, and toothpicks. By creating a hands-on representation of the DNA double helix, students will learn about the basic structure and function of DNA, including the concepts of base pairing and genetic coding. The activity fosters creativity, and problem-solving skills while making complex biological concepts accessible and fun.
Introduction
Subjects: • Science •Biology •Art
Skills: • Design Thinking • Problem Solving • 2D design • 3D design
Learning Objective/Goal:
- Understand the basic components and structure of DNA.
- Create a simple model of DNA using everyday objects.
- Learn how DNA contains genetic information.
- Develop an appreciation for the complexity of biological structures.
Materials Needed:
- Backbone materials Licorice sticks, pipe cleaners, straws, or any other flexible, straight objects.
- Base pair materials: Colored marshmallows, gummy candies, beads, buttons - at least 4 colors
- Connecting materials: Toothpicks, small sticks, or pieces of wire.
Background
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It comprises two strands forming a double helix, each strand made of sugar and phosphate molecules and nitrogenous bases pairing in the center. . This lesson provides students with a hands-on activity to model DNA, making abstract concepts tangible and engaging while fostering a deeper appreciation for the complexity and beauty of life at the molecular level.
Activity
Activity:
Introduction (10 minutes)
- Introduce DNA, explaining that it is the blueprint of life, containing instructions for building and maintaining an organism.
- Use a large poster, digital image, or presentation of the DNA double helix.
- Explain the base pairs (adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine) using color codes that will be used in the activity.
Making Models (40 minutes)
- Give each student a paper plate or cardboard base and let them choose from the available materials for their DNA model.
- Instruct students to use their chosen flexible objects (e.g., licorice, pipe cleaners, straws) to lay out two parallel lines on their work surfaces.
- Students will use their chosen connectors (e.g., toothpicks, small sticks) and base pair materials (e.g., candies, beads) to connect the backbones, following the base pairing rules.
- Attach the base pairs to the backbones to form a double helix structure. Use additional support materials if needed.
- Have students label the components of their DNA models using small pieces of paper or sticky notes.
Discussion and Conclusion (10 minutes)
- Group Discussion: Ask students to share their models and explain the base pairs they used.
- Reinforce Learning: Discuss why the base pairs are specific and how this relates to genetic coding.
- Q&A Session: Allow students to ask questions and clarify any doubts about DNA structure.
Extra
Tips for Students:
- Be gentle with the materials you are given - you may not get more
- Carefully make sure each base pair is matched to the correct color
- Try not to make a mess
Tips for Teachers:
- Ensure Students are being safe if using small, sharp objects
- Be careful of dietary restrictions if using food or candy
- Display pictures/models of DNA during the activity for students
Extensions:
- Have the students stand their models up and twist them, creating a double helix shape
- Have students create one strand and switch with a partner to create the complementary strand. Periodically walk through and check their work
Further Information
https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/word-dna.html
https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/DNA/390730
https://www.teachengineering.org/lessons/view/cub_biomed_lesson09