Appendix E: Progressions Within the NGSS
Appendix F: NGSS Practices
Asking Questions - Appendix F: Science and Engineering Practices in the NGSS
Chapter 11: NRC Framework
Developing and Using Models - A Snippet from the NRC Framework
Matrix of NGSS Crosscutting Concepts
Reasoning Triangle
Science Flowchart (Dynamic)
Science Flowchart (Static)
Survey #1 Why Teach Science
Survey 2
Survey 3
Survey 4A
Survey 4B
Survey 5
Survey #6
Survey #7
Tool for generating Anchoring Phenomena
Cool Breeze - Oregon Science Project Hybrid NGSS Module #1 - Phenomena & Equity
Overview
The Oregon Science Project Module #1 is designed for K-12 and nonformal educators who want to learn more about NGSS, with an emphasis on how the shift to sense-making around phenomena is at the heart of the NGSS. It is designed to provide 3-4 hours of work and asks learners to create something new to contribute to the work.
Why Teach Science?
Why Teach Science?
"A Framework for K-12 Science Education (hereafter referred to as the Framework) and the Next Generation Science Standards (hereafter referred to as the NGSS) describe aspirations for students’ learning in science that are based on key insights from research:
- that science learning involves the integration of knowing and doing
- that developing conceptual understanding through engaging in the practices of science is more productive for future learning than simply memorizing lists of facts
- that science learning is best supported when learning experiences are designed to build and revise understanding over time"
- Science Teachers' Learning: Enhancing Opportunities, Creating Supportive Contexts (2015)
Estimated time: 10 minutes Components: small group discussion, survey response to statements about teaching science
Every Participant: Open "Survey #1"
Read and complete Survey (each person will submit their own survey)
Reading to Rank - Ranking the statements:
- Each person shares which statement is the most important to them and why
- All members of the group can question or press for reasoning, but please approach this discussion with the knowledge that another person's rationale may actually make you change your mind.
- As you discuss your rankings, each participants completes their own survey with their own answers and hits submit.
How Science Works
How Science Works
"Before one can discuss the teaching and learning of science, consensus is needed about what science is." - Taking Science to School
Approximate time: 25-30 minutes Components: video, small group discussions, survey response
Group Instructions
Video
One participant shares their screen choosing the option to show their internet browser. Scroll down to the video below so that all participants can watch the video below together. Before your start, be sure to prepare to listen for:
- How these scientists - and science educators - discuss how science works
- Ways that scientists use evidence to craft arguments
- How scientists reason with evidence
One participant opens "Science Flowchart (Dynamic)" and shares their screen so that everyone can see.
- The person sharing their screen slowly mouses over the different parts of the flowchart.
- The group discusses the different parts of the flowchart ensuring that everyone has seen all of the different spheres.
- Once you have done that, stop screen sharing and gather together again.
Each participant opens "Appendix F: NGSS Practices"
- It may be helpful to minimize your screens so you can easily switch between the different resources on your own during your discussion.
- As a group, discuss where each practice could fit on the flowchart and why, or why not.
- Refer back to the video (or even watch it again) to help you think about this overlap.
Each participant opens "Matrix of NGSS Crosscutting Concepts"
- As a group, discuss where each NGSS Crosscutting Concept could fit on the flowchart and why, or why not.
- Refer back to the video (or even watch it again) to help you think about this overlap or lack of overlap.
Each participant opens "Survey #2" on their own device
- In your group, discuss each prompt on the survey using the science flowchart to guide your discussion about how science works.
- Include material from the video (quotes, ideas, stories, claims, etc.) in your responses.
- Each participant completes and submits their own survey.
Individual Instructions (temporary and only for this early draft, please try to work in small regional group with at least two other OSP Learning Facilitators if possible)
Watch the video below at least once and listen for:
- How these scientists - and science educators - discuss how science works
- Ways that scientists use evidence to craft arguments
- How scientists reason with evidence
Open "Survey #2" and respond the prompts about the process of science as explored in this video. In your responses be sure to include:
- Material from the video (quotes, ideas, stories, claims, etc.)
- Language from the Science Flowchart
- Open up "NGSS Practices" to help you compare and contrast professional science and classroom science.
- Open up "Matrix of Crosscutting Concepts" to help you compare and contrast professional science and classroom science.
- Submit your survey
Science as Process
Science as Process
"Experiment has been widely viewed as a fundamental characteristic of science...However, if we look at science as a process of argument, experiment becomes one of the measures that provide scientists with insights and justification for their arguments."
Approximate time: 20-25 minutes Components: reading, ssmall group discussion, survey response
Research from the history and philosphy of science identifies that science can be a process of logical reasoning about evidence, and a process of theory change that both require participation in the culture of scientific practices. In the teaching of science, the Framework and NGSS ask us to shift our focus away from memorization of vocabulary, to thinking of science as a process of application of knowledge and concepts via model-based reasoning.
As you can see from the screen shot of NGSS Appendix A below, this is identified as the first shift on the list of the seven major shifts in science education as envisioned by the Framework & the NGSS.
Each participant open "Appendix A: Conceptual Shifts in the NGSS"
- Each person opens Appendix A on their own device and quickly skims the document to identify two different conceptual shift statements on the list that they would like to explore further. (i.e. shift #2 and shift #5)
- One by one, each participant shares their chosen two shift statements with the group and explains why they are interested in these shifts.
- Each participant then silently reads the text below each of your chosen shifts statements.
Each participant opens "Survey 3" on their own device
- Each participant fills out the survey based upon what they shared with the group.
- As a group, discuss each of the specific group prompts on the survey before each of you complete your survey.
Discussing the results
- Once you submit your individual responses, select the link to see all previous responses.
- Read the collective responses and share surprises or wonderings you have about how your individual and group ranking compares to the collective responses.
- Share ideas about resources you could seek out to find out more.
The Process of Science in the Classroom
The Process of Science in the Classroom
"...in learning science one must come to understand both the body of knowledge and the process by which this knowledge is established, extended, refined, and revised." - Taking Science to School
Approximate time: 30-40 minutes Components: video, reading, small group discussion, survey response
Group Instructions
One participant shares their screen and everyone watches the video below. The group actively listens for the role of phenomena in the Framework and NGSS inspired classroom. After the video ends, stop screen sharing and gather together as a group to engage in discussion.
Each member of the group silently reads the brief statements below.
Each participant opens "Appendix E: Progressions within NGSS"
- Read the first page.
- On your own, find your grade or grade band in document and explore the Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCI) covered in the NGSS vision.
- Discuss with your what you think the difference between a phenomena and an NGSS Disciplinary Core Idea. What are some key differences?
- Find an example DCI from your gradeband in the life, physical, or earth/space sciences and think of a scientific phenomena that relates to that core idea. Share your idea with the group.
One participant opens the "Reasoning Triangle" and shares their screen.
- As a group, discuss the three parts of the tool and the role you see them playing the science classroom.
- Each person shares an example of when you have started an activity, exploration, or unit with a question.
- Each person shares an example of when you have started with a phenomenon.
- How do you think this tool changes your approach or thinking about phenomena, questions, and modeling?
- Stop screen sharing
One person in the group open Survey #4A and shares the screen so all participants can see and answer as a group and submit one survey.
- As a group, select if you think the statement is a phenomena or NGSS Disciplinary Core Idea.
- If you think it's a phenomenon, utilize the language of the Reasoning Triangle to justify your ideas.
- Once you submit your group submits your response, select the link to see all previous responses.
- Does your group agree or disagree with the previous responses?
- Find a response that is different than your group's response and discuss what their response tells you about their understanding of the statement. What does it tell you about your understanding of the statement? Your understanding of phenomena or DCI's?
- If you want to revise your thinking, simply go back in and you can edit your response. Please only edit if your thinking has truly changed and you'd like to rethink it!
Repeat for survey 4B and rotate the responsibility to share the screen during your discussion.
Making Thinking Visible through Productive Discourse in the NGSS Classroom
Making Thinking Visible
"Fostering thinking requires making thinking visible. Thinking happens mostly in our heads, invisible to others and even to ourselves. Effective thinkers make their thinking visible, meaning they externalize their thoughts through speaking, writing, drawing, or some other method. They can then direct and improve those thoughts." - Ron Ritchhart and David Perkins
Approximate time:45 minutes Components: Watch two videos (both Part 1 & 2), discussion, survey response
Each participant opens and reads to themselves: "Asking Questions - Appendix F: Science and Engineering Practices in the NGSS"
Each participant opens and reads to themselves: "Developing and Using Models - A Snippet from the NRC Framework"
As a group: decide which two-part video set you will watch (choose elementary or high school).
Watch Part 1 AND Part 2 of either the high school OR elementary video cases below.
Listen and watch for:
- What phenomena the students are trying to figure out
- How it seems that this phenomena was presented to them (i.e. hands-on experience, video, picture, scenario, reading, statement ,etc.)
- The sets of ideas, or models, that the students are using to make sense of the phenomena
- How the classroom culture provides a safe space for students to:
- Engage in productive discourse
- Make their ideas public and visible
- Revise their ideas
- Ask questions
- Develop and use models
ELEMENTARY VIDEOS
HIGH SCHOOL VIDEOS
One person opens "Survey #5" and leads the group in filling out one survey.
Before responding to each prompt, discuss as a group what you would like to contribute. Let the survey questions provide you with prompts for your discussion.
- Respond to the prompts about how the classroom examples engage students in sense-making around scientific phenomena.
- Utilize the Reasoning Triangle as a thinking tool to show the dynamic relationship between exploring a phenomena through asking questions and modeling.
Individual Instructions (temporary and only for this early draft, please try to work in small regional group with at least two other OSP Learning Facilitators if possible)Open Appendix A: Conceptual Shifts in the NGSSread "Asking Questions - Appendix F: Science and Engineering Practices in the NGSS"
Read "Developing and Using Models - A Snippet from the NRC Framework"
Watch Part 1 AND Part 2 of either the high school OR elementary video cases below. Listen and watch for:
- What phenomena the students are trying to figure out
- How it seems that this phenomena was presented to them (i.e. hands-on experience, video, picture, scenario, reading, statement ,etc.)
- The sets of ideas, or models, that the students are using to make sense of the phenomena
- How the classroom culture provides a safe space for students to:
- Engage in productive discourse
- Make their ideas public and visible
- Revise their ideas
- Ask questions
- Develop and use models
Open Survey #5 below.
- Respond to the prompts about how the classroom examples engage students in sense-making around scientific phenomena.
- Utilize the Reasoning Triangle as a thinking tool to show the dynamic relationship between exploring a phenomena through asking questions and modeling
Equity in the Framework & NGSS-Inspired Classroom
Equity in the Framework & NGSS-Inspired Classroom
"..equity is not a singular moment in time, nor is it an individual endeavor. It takes an educational system and groups of individuals in this system. This includes the school administration and community, school partners, community agencies and families as well as curriculum developers and professional development facilitators to work toward, promote, and maintain a focus on equity." - Gallard, Mensah, and Pitts from Supporting the Implementation of Equity
Approximate time: 20-30 minutes Components: reading, survey response
Each participant opens "Chapter 11: NRC Framework" and skims the chapter by scrolling through it online.
Every member of the group picks and chooses different parts of the chapter that they are interested in reading and find relevant for their practice or their context.
As you read:
- Find three things you have learned (keep reading and exploring the text until you find three things new to you)
- Look for two things you found very interesting and would like to discuss with your group.
- Come up with one question you have about equity in the NGSS classroom.
Each participant opens Survey #6.
As a small group each participant shares their responses as the group goes through each prompt.
Once you hit submit, choose to see the previous responses and, as a group, discuss how they were similar or different than your own responses.
One person shares their screen and the group watches the video below.
As Oregon Science Project NGSS Learning Facilitators you are an advocate for science, especially an advocate for science in elementary. It's important that all secondary teachers get a glimpse of what NGSS can look like in the elementary classroom. Science in elementary is a large equity issue in Oregon where we are 50th in the nation for time spent teaching science K-5.
In your group, discuss the implications for NGSS's emphasis on equity and increasing access to engaging and rich science experiences for more of Oregon's students.
Each participant opens Survey #7 and reflects on the prompt in a small group discussion, and then submits their own response.
Once you have submitted all your responses, please choose to see collective responses and find similarities and differences between our shared thinking.