This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The gut microbial community, called the gut microbiota, plays an important role in health for both humans and animals. The bacterial members of this community are the most numerous and consequently get the most attention in research. However, there are often overlooked but important fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa in the microbiota too. The fungal subset of a microbiota is called the mycobiota, and it is particularly understudied in birds. To close this gap, a recent study comprehensively characterized the mycobiota of chickens bred for meat. While gut bacterial communities typically stabilize with age, the chicken mycobiota was dynamic over time with no clear pattern of successive changes and low overall diversity. The upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract mycobiota was more diverse than the lower tract mycobiota, and just 25 core fungal groups accounted for more than 85% of the fungal population in each section of the GI tract..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are part of the “soil” in which tumors grow. These cells have diverse origins and can interact with tumor cells in various ways, making it difficult to determine whether they’re friends or foes in cancer treatment. Detecting biomarkers can help address this challenge by allowing researchers to identify different CAF subsets. Several CAF biomarkers are associated with cancer promotion, such as FAP, vimentin, galectin 1, and osteopontin. For example, FAP increases cancer cell invasiveness and leads to immunotherapy resistance. Other CAF biomarkers are associated with cancer inhibition, like meflin, which is linked to a good prognosis in pancreatic and lung cancers. However, some biomarkers can either encourage or suppress cancer depending on the context..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Birds can carry and transmit viruses to humans and other animals. Thus, understanding the viral community hosted by birds could help us predict future outbreaks of human disease. A recent metagenomics study took a broad look at the viruses found in the gut of wild and captive birds. The dataset included samples from over 3,000 birds that represented over 87 species and 10 different phylogenetic orders and the researchers characterized genomes from numerous viral families including astroviruses, coronaviruses, parvoviruses, and adenoviruses. Examining trends, they found that wild birds had higher viral diversity than captive birds. There was also evidence of potential cross-species transmission between wild birds and domestic poultry. Further analysis of the viral genomic sequences revealed differences in virus distribution patterns between wild and captive birds. Different phylogenetic orders of birds and geographic sites also had distinct distribution patterns..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Biopharmaceuticals, protein-based drugs manufactured by living cells, are some of the most powerful and effective drugs leading the fight against numerous diseases. But producing them is a notoriously difficult business. Growth conditions, purification procedures, and formulation requirements can unintentionally change the protein structure of these drugs, altering their efficacy and toxicity. Testing for these modifications is therefore crucial. But current methods are cumbersome and don’t provide the throughput and real-time analytics that today’s rapidly growing biopharma industry desperately needs to control their development and manufacturing efforts. Now, there’s a solution. Introducing Intabio’s Blaze system. The Blaze platform performs a comprehensive analysis of biopharmaceutical product quality with 100 times higher throughput than traditional approaches..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Chronic myeloid leukemia, or CML, is a rare, slow-growing cancer of the bone marrow. It’s caused by the protein Bcr-Abl, which builds up and causes cells to grow and divide out of control. Now, researchers have identified one of Bcr-Abl’s close molecular partners and figured out how it might be forced to abandon Bcr-Abl and stop its deadly buildup. Experiments revealed that Bcr-Abl interacts with the heat shock protein HSP90AB1. HSP90AB1 supports Bcr-Abl’s rampant and deadly buildup in cells by blocking its entry into the nucleus. By deactivating HSP90AB1 in cultured cells with the antibiotic tanespimycin (17AAG), the researchers discovered that they could lock Bcr-Abl in the nucleus, reducing the spread of CML and programming CML cells for death. While more work is needed to understand how these processes play out in humans, these findings support the development of heat shock protein inhibitors as viable treatments for CML and other Bcr-Abl-associated malignancies..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"What’s the best way to measure blood pressure in surgical patients with obesity? While oscillometry using blood-pressure cuffs is the standard, in patients with obesity, these may not fit well. And oscillometry only provides intermittent information. Arterial catheters provide continuous monitoring but are invasive and can cause complications. One alternative is using a non-invasive, continuous finger cuff method. But little is known about how these various methods compare in obese patients. A new prospective study published in the journal _Anesthesiology_ has found that in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, there was better agreement between intraarterial measurement and the finger cuff than with standard cuffs for mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure. And with standard cuffs, forearm measurements were superior to those on the upper arm or lower leg..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Bogs are unique ecosystems, which have important ecological functions in carbon storage, climate stability, water quality, and biodiversity. The bog microbiome, composed mostly of bacteria that live in association with bog plants, plays key roles in these functions. However, the differences in associated bacteria between vascular plants and the non-vascular bryophytes that predominate in bogs remain unclear. Researchers recently used shotgun metagenomics to investigate the microbes associated with 12 representative bog species. Vascular plants tended to be colonized by specific bacteria, while bryophytes exhibited greater bacterial species richness and diversity. The two plant groups also had different marker species. The gene profiles of vascular plant- and bryophyte-associated microbes revealed functional differences, including differences in nitrogen cycling..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Patellar tendinopathy, or jumper’s knee, is a common injury in athletes of all skill levels. Aside from causing pain and dysfunction, the condition can be costly for individuals and sports teams. Physical therapy is critical, but consistently effective treatment regimens remain elusive. Regenerative therapy is one promising alternative, as platelet-rich plasma injection and cultured stem cell injection have been shown to repair other types of damaged tissue. To explore the benefits for jumper’s knee, researchers compared these two treatments in patients with patellar tendinopathy. The findings, reported in _The American Journal of Sports Medicine_, suggest that cultured stem cell injection is a particularly promising option for functional and structural healing. The researchers examined 20 male patients with patellar tendinopathy that had lasted for at least 4 months, was unresponsive to nonsurgical treatments, and featured lesions larger than 3 mm..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumor that forms in the neural crest during early development. While treatment has remained elusive, scientists do know that a partially deleted chromosome 11 contributes to one of the most aggressive forms of neuroblastoma. Here, researchers now say, lies an important gene whose absence gives rise to runaway tumor cell growth. That gene is discs large homolog 2, or DLG2. DLG2 and other genes in its family play important roles in cell structure and growth. DLG2 gene transfection experiments slowed the growth of neuroblastoma cells, whereas silencing DLG2 promoted neuroblastoma growth. A closer look revealed that low DLG2 expression fast-tracks cells through the growth phase of the cell cycle, bypassing a critical checkpoint designed to catch faulty DNA. A review of real-world patient data showed that low DLG2 expression is in fact correlated with poor survival in patients with neuroblastoma..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, continues to course through communities around the world. While researchers have learned enough about the virus to build defenses, much remains unknown about how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the immune system to cause disease. One promising target researchers are exploring is a process known as “T cell exhaustion.” During infection, disease-fighting T cells are recruited to areas where inflammation is taking place. These cells are virus-specific and represent one of the most critical defenses against SARS-CoV-2. Some patients with COVID-19, however, show significantly reduced T cell counts, impairing their ability to fight the disease. Although it’s unclear how T cell exhaustion occurs, numerous potential biomarkers of this process do exist. Among these is the protein PD-1, which helps T cells identify cells as friend or foe..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Bacterial predators are a vital selective force in bacterial communities. Predation releases nutrients that power biogeochemical cycling. Bacterial predators are typically classified as “obligate” predators, which MUST feed on bacteria to survive, and “facultative” predators, which can subsist on a non-bacteria diet. The discovery of a new group of bacterial predators, however, proposes a revision to this classification system. These are Bradymonabacteria. Analyses of their feeding behavior and genetic makeup revealed that Bradymonabacteria adopt living strategies between those of obligate and facultative predators. Like obligate predators, for example, they possess multiple metabolic deficiencies that are shored up only by predation, while their large genomes suggest that Bradymonabacteria could effectively tolerate the absence of prey..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The clinical practice of anesthesia is nearly two centuries old. But today, how anesthetics suppress consciousness remains a mystery. Specifically, how do molecular-level drug effects translate into macro-level phenomena? A recent review in the journal Anesthesiology looks at how brain slice studies are helping bridge that gap in neuroscience—with recent findings increasingly pointing to the cortex as a critical center of anesthetic action. Anesthesiologists have embraced the acute brain slice method for investigating anesthetic drug effects. Brain slices enable researchers to examine drug actions in isolated, locally connected networks under highly controlled but flexible conditions. Collectively, such studies suggest that both cortical and subcortical regions of the brain, such as the midbrain and thalamus, play important roles in anesthesia, each contributing to both the level of arousal and the content of consciousness..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"New findings from the ACTIONI-O study suggest that when it comes to tackling weight loss, people with obesity and healthcare professionals don’t always see eye to eye. Reported misconceptions about the factors contributing to obesity and about patient attitudes suggest much room for improving communication and education. In what’s considered the largest study of its type, researchers surveyed more than 14500 people with obesity and more than 2700 healthcare professionals treating patients with obesity in 11 countries. Surveys designed foreach group asked about perceived attitudes, behaviors, and barriers to effective obesity care. For example, patients were asked whether they consider their weight loss completely their responsibility. While clinicians were asked, among other things, to rank criteria they consider in determining whether to spark a discussion with a patient about obesity, such as patient weight, BMI, or mental state..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Tropical maize hybrid, a single cross of flint and dent inbred lines, is an important crop throughout the Americas and Africa. Crop yield, however, is highly dependent on nitrogen availability, and fertilizers are therefore often necessary to increase production. Developing more nitrogen-efficient maize would not only cut costs for farmers, it would also increase crop yield and reduce environmental impacts. But how do you make a plant more nitrogen efficient? The performance and production of crops can be improved by selectively crossing individuals with desired traits. When such plants are crossed, they produce hybrids that are often bigger, stronger, and more vigorous than either of the parent plants. By carefully choosing which individuals are used in creating these hybrids, specific traits, such as nitrogen efficiency, can be selected for..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"US researchers are finding that what goes for the work place, the playing field, and the home goes for getting the most out of fuel-producing yeasts: teamwork makes the dream work. Inspired by the give-and-take that enables the community of microorganisms found in lichens to thrive in a range of environments, the team paired photosynthetic bacteria with yeast strains to streamline the production of energy-dense fatty acids. That two-way interaction could point to new ways of making biofuels a more attractive alternative energy source. Yeast are among the most industrious organisms on earth. Through the power of fermentation, these microorganisms can take sugar and turn it into clean-burning fuel. But even when genetically optimized to withstand high temperatures and boozy volumes of fuel production, yeasts must still be fed their sweet treat externally. That adds extra processing steps and drives up cost..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Strategic organizational learning is the heart of any productive activity – it’s the trending form of labor. A new article in Design Management Review illustrates how, over the long run, superior performance relies on superior learning. Specifically, knowledge assets embedded in routines, and effective organizational learning undergird dynamic capabilities, and these in turn help top performers to keep a competitive edge. Today, the leader’s new work is therefore to build knowledge-creative enterprises – enterprises that are extremely good at organizational learning and that buzz with positive energy and innovation. The five-stage consulting cycle for co-creating value (Discover-Design-Develop-Deliver-Decide Impact) presented in the article’s case study, can help. Ultimately, making an organization truly knowledge-creative can be done in many ways, but all of them require rigor resourcefulness, and a positive learning culture. Learn how your organization can learn too. Tkaczyk B. 2015..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Delirium, or a confused or disoriented state that can affect attention, awareness and cognition, is common in elderly patients following surgery -- and is a leading cause of postoperative complications among elderly hospitalized patients. But it’s not clear why this happens or which patients are at especially high risk. In particular, certain electroencephalogram (E-E-G) patterns during anesthesia known as burst-suppression have been associated with postoperative delirium. These patterns are characterized by spikes in electrical activity, or bursts, alternating with longer periods of no activity. But whether burst-suppression plays a causal role in delirium isn’t known. A study, now published in the journal Anesthesiology by researchers in Boston, finds that in elderly patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, burst-suppression is associated with delirium. The project was a sub-study of the ongoing MINDDS trial, and retrospectively looked at the outcomes of 159 patients over the age of 60..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Metabolic syndrome refers to dysregulated metabolism that’s associated with increased risks of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. In women, this syndrome becomes more in common after menopause, when levels of circulating 17β-estradiol drop. Estrogen replacement therapy can help, but its long-term use is linked to other problems, like gynecological cancers. To explore new options, researchers recently administered butyrate, a fatty acid, to mice with metabolic syndrome whose ovaries had been removed, as butyrate has been shown to alleviate obesity and insulin resistance, both of which are linked to metabolic syndrome. The researchers found that oral butyrate reduced body fat and blood lipid levels in the mice while increasing whole-body energy usage and improving insulin sensitivity. Investigation of the mechanism in cultured muscle cells revealed that butyrate induced expression of the estrogen receptor ERα and activated the proteins AMPK and PGC1α..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Leukemia relapse after conventional treatments is difficult to treat and has high patient mortality. Relapse is driven by the reawakening of previously quiescent cancer cells. Traditional treatments are ineffective against quiescent cells, as they instead target rapidly dividing cells. A new study investigated a potential dual-target treatment, C212, in cell culture. C212 is a derivative of curcumin, a compound that has shown anticancer properties in previous research. C212 was effective against both growing and quiescent leukemia cells. C212 drives quiescent leukemia cells deeper into dormancy by increasing their exit threshold, and then kills these deep-quiescent cells. This differs from previous strategies that awaken quiescent cells to kill, which runs the risk of wakening treatment-resistant subpopulation of cells. Molecular docking and experimental analyses showed that C212 could bind to Hsp90 and interferes with its function..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Even with antibiotics, severe pneumonia can lead to sepsis and death. Researchers in Germany have now identified a promising new therapy that may improve outcomes. Reporting in the journal Anesthesiology, the scientists indicate that targeting C5a, a component of the body’s complement system, may be a novel adjunctive therapy for severe pneumonia. One reason why patients don’t fare well with Streptococcus pneumoniae is that their highly activated immune system can damage tissue as it tries to clear the pathogen from the body. An important part of the body's first-line immune defense is the complement system, plasma proteins that patrol the body and coordinate with immune cells to kill invading bacteria. For example, when complement protein C5 is cleaved into C5a and C5b, C5b goes on to poke holes in bacteria. The smaller C5a is pro-inflammatory, attracting and activating neutrophils and making blood vessel walls more permeable to immune cells..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.