This lesson looks at Marcus Garvey’s fall from grace in the 1920s, his battles with enemies in the U.S. government and the mainstream civil rights movement, his troubled marriages to Amy Jacques and Amy Ashwood (each important activists in their own right), and his final years in exile in Jamaica and England. The materials also examine some of Garvey’s key later writings and speeches, including his stirring 1925 letter from prison in Atlanta.

Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) was one of the most brilliant, charismatic, and controversial Black leaders of the early 20th century, and a principal figure in the Pan-African movement. This lesson looks at his rise to power, from his early life in Jamaica, where he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (U.N.I.A.); through his migration to the United States and the rapid expansion of the U.N.I.A. from its headquarters in Harlem; up to the triumphant first international U.N.I.A. convention in 1920, which produced the influential “Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World.” The Woodson Center's Black History and Excellence curriculum is based on the Woodson Principles and tells the stories of Black Americans whose tenacity and resilience enabled them to overcome adversity and make invaluable contributions to our country. It also teaches character and decision-making skills that equip students to take charge of their futures. These lessons in Black American excellence are free and publicly available for all.

This lesson looks at Marcus Garvey’s fall from grace in the 1920s, his battles with enemies in the U.S. government and the mainstream civil rights movement, his troubled marriages to Amy Jacques and Amy Ashwood (each important activists in their own right), and his final years in exile in Jamaica and England. The materials also examine some of Garvey’s key later writings and speeches, including his stirring 1925 letter from prison in Atlanta. The Woodson Center's Black History and Excellence curriculum is based on the Woodson Principles and tells the stories of Black Americans whose tenacity and resilience enabled them to overcome adversity and make invaluable contributions to our country. It also teaches character and decision-making skills that equip students to take charge of their futures. These lessons in Black American excellence are free and publicly available for all.

Paul Cuffe was a sea captain, entrepreneur, and philanthropist who lived through the birth and early life of the United States. As a young man, he helped smuggle goods past the British blockade during the Revolutionary War; by the early 1800s, he was perhaps the wealthiest Black man in the young republic, renowned and respected for his business sense and moral character and the first free man of color to visit The White House. An ardent abolitionist, Cuffe used his wealth to build one of the first integrated schools in America and to power his ambitious — and controversial — plans to build a new Black republic in West Africa.

He commandeered a Confederate gunship as he led his family to freedom. Meet the courageous Robert Smalls (1839-1915), the statesman and entrepreneur that exhibited integrity, conviction, and “radical grace” in his quest to rebuild South Carolina in the devastating aftermath of the Civil War. The Woodson Center's Black History and Excellence curriculum is based on the Woodson Principles and tells the stories of Black Americans whose tenacity and resilience enabled them to overcome adversity and make invaluable contributions to our country. It also teaches character and decision-making skills that equip students to take charge of their futures. These lessons in Black American excellence are free and publicly available for all.

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Oklahoma was a haven for Black Americans seeking freedom and economic opportunity. The Greenwood neighborhood of Tulsa, with its bustling business district known as the “Black Wall Street,” was the nation’s most affluent Black community, a central hub of entrepreneurship and activism. But by June 1, 1921, Greenwood lay in ruins, victim to a massive wave of violence and looting committed by a mob of their White neighbors, in what is now known as the Tulsa Race Massacre. Against all odds, the survivors fought to rebuild their lives and livelihoods, even as powerful forces tried to bury Greenwood forever. This incredible story of dignity in the face of devastation shows the depths of human cruelty — and the heights of human resilience.The Woodson Center's Black History and Excellence curriculum is based on the Woodson Principles and tells the stories of Black Americans whose tenacity and resilience enabled them to overcome adversity and make invaluable contributions to our country. It also teaches character and decision-making skills that equip students to take charge of their futures. These lessons in Black American excellence are free and publicly available for all.