We’ve already learned a bit about substitution reactions in organic chemistry and the two different paths they can follow: SN1 and SN2. In order to better predict the products of a substitution reaction and understand how they work, we need to be able to figure out which mechanism a reaction is likely to follow. In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry, we’ll deepen our knowledge of substitution reactions by looking at factors like substrate structure and reaction conditions to determine whether SN1 or SN2 is the more likely mechanism.

This 3-minute video lesson contains a correction: 2-Propylheptane should never be the name! [Organic Chemistry playlist: Lesson 4 of 73].

The Chemistry Capstone Essay is a way to introduce or assess students' knowledge and understanding of a variety of science texts and their understanding of chemical theories and applications taught during the year. Students demonstrate knowledge by having to be concise and distill down complex ideas and connections from a variety of different texts.

We’ve already learned the basics of carbonyl chemistry and talked about how we can synthesize aldehydes and ketones, but there’s still so much more to learn, like the role carbonyl groups play in reactions involving sedatives! In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry we’re diving deeper into aldehydes and ketones by focusing on addition reactions of oxygen and nitrogen based nucleophiles. We’ll cover hydrates, acetals and hemiacetals, imines and enamines, and more!

This 11-minute video lesson looks at the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog System for Naming Enantiomers. [Organic Chemistry playlist: Lesson 22 of 73].

This collection of videos, animations and documents comes from the NCSSM AP chemistry online course. Chapter fourteen provides practice and demonstrations related to gas phase, solubility, and complex ion equilibria in chemistry.

Students take advantage of the natural ability of red cabbage juice to perform as a pH indicator to test the pH of seven common household liquids. Then they evaluate the accuracy of the red cabbage indicator, by testing the pH of the liquids using an engineer-designed tool, pH indicator strips. Like environmental engineers working on water remediation or water treatment projects, understanding the chemical properties (including pH) of contaminants is important for safeguarding the health of environmental water sources and systems.

Interactive STEM activities, free for your classroom. Bring out the inner scientist in all your students with our scientifically accurate models and activities. Search below or head over to our NGSS Pathfinder! We’ve been expanding and deepening STEM inquiry with technology for over 20 years. Our free, cutting-edge tools and resources have brought STEM practices to life for over a million learners worldwide.
Lessons:
• Atomic Structure
• Boiling Point
• Catalysts
• Ceramic Forces
• Charged and Neutral Atoms
• Comparing Dipole-Dipole to London Dispersion
• Concentrating Charge and Electric Fields
• Crookes Tube
• Diffusion Across a Semipermeable Membrane
• Diffusion and Molecular Mass
• Diffusion and Temperature
• Diffusion of a Drop
• Electrons in Atoms and Molecules
• Exploring Electron Properties
• Factors Affecting London Dispersion Attractions
• Gas Laws & Human Biology
• Gas Laws & Weather Balloons
• Hydrogen Bonds: A Special Type of Attraction
• Intermolecular Attractions and States of Matter
• Metal Forces
• Molecular View of a Gas
• Molecular View of a Liquid
• Molecular View of a Solid
• Oil and Water
• Phase Change
• Plastic Forces
• Polarity and Attractive Strength
• Seeing Intermolecular Attractions
• States of Matter
• The Temperature-Pressure Relationship
• The Temperature-Volume Relationship
• The Volume-Pressure Relationship
• Tire Forces
• What is Pressure?

This course deals with the application of structure and theory to the study of organic reaction mechanisms: Stereochemical features including conformation and stereoelectronic effects; reaction dynamics, isotope effects and molecular orbital theory applied to pericyclic and photochemical reactions; and special reactive intermediates including carbenes, carbanions, and free radicals.

Have you ever wondered where cured meats like salami or pepperoni get their bright red color? Of course its from organic chemistry! A chemical called nitric acid gives them that bright color, while also increasing their shelf. It's also involved in some other interesting reactions. In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry we'll see how nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to form diazonium salts, we'll learn about alkyldiazonium salts and aryldiazonium salts, and see what conditions are necessary for nucleophilic aromatic substitutions.

This course is an OER section developed by Dr. Ara Kahyaoglu for Bergen Community College.  The primary text was developed for the Saylor Academy and is modified to better serve the course objectives for BCC students.Chapter 2, selected pages are included in the attached file2.1 Expressing NumbersLearning Objective: Learn to express numbers properly2.2  Expressing UnitsLearning ObjectivesLearn the units that go with various quantities.Express units using their abbreviations.Make new units by combining numerical prefixes with units2.3 Significant FiguresLearning ObjectivesApply the concept of significant figures to limit a measurement to the proper number of digits.Recognize the number of significant figures in a given quantity.Limit mathematical results to the proper number of significant figures.2.4 Converting UnitsLearning ObjectiveConvert from one unit to another unit of the same type.2.5 Other Units: Temperature and DensityLearning ObjectivesLearn about the various temperature scales that are commonly used in chemistry.Define density and use it as a conversion factor.   

This work consists of original content and adapted OpenStax content. Each image is attributed with the source page in the figure description, in accordance to each respective license. OpenStax content has been remixed into the “Theory and Background,” “Lab Examples,” and “Relations to Health Sciences” sections of this work. OpenStax remixing consists of rearrangement, minor instructional design augmentations, and minor phrasing edits. All other sections within this work are originally created content.

This 5-minute video lesson looks at Cis-Trans and E-Z Naming Scheme for Alkenes. [Organic Chemistry playlist: Lesson 25 of 73].

Carrots get their orange-y color from, you guessed it, an organic chemical. This chemical, called beta carotene, gets its pigment from its conjugated electron system. We’ve talked some already about conjugation, but in this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry we’ll go even deeper and look at how conjugation stabilizes molecules and how p orbitals can overlap to form pi molecular orbitals of different energy levels. Plus we’ll learn what UV spectroscopy can show us about conjugated molecules.

This is an introductory lab for Environmental Science, investigating the bulk density of soil and water holding capacity.

We’ve talked about benzene a bit already in this series, but did you know that benzene rings are present in all kinds of familiar substances? The styrofoam packaging that comes with new appliances, some pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and even some explosives contain benzene. In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry, we’ll see how we can use electrophilic aromatic substitution to attach stuff to benzene rings like halogens, carbons, and more!

Alkenes are an important type of molecule in organic chemistry that we’re going to see a lot more of in this series. But before we can really get into the many cool reactions alkenes do, we need to go over some of the basics. In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry, we’ll review and build on our knowledge of alkene nomenclature, revisit our friend the carbocation, and learn Markovnikov’s Rule: an important tool that will help us predict the products of addition reactions involving alkenes.

This course introduces students to climate studies, including beginnings of the solar system, time scales, and climate in human history. It is offered to both undergraduate and graduate students with different requirements.

The objective of this course is to develop an understanding of principles of marine isotope geochemistry, its systematics, and its application to the study of the behavior and history of the oceans within the earth system. The emphasis is on developing the underlying concepts and theory as well as proficiency in working with practical isotope systems. The course is divided into four sections: nuclear systematics, Earth formation and evolution, stable isotopes, and applications to the ocean system.