This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Artificial intelligence is transforming our way of life. Able to spot patterns invisible to the human eye, algorithms are learning how to make our lives easier, safer, and more fun. That power is not lost on materials researchers. During the next decade, artificial intelligence or AI-driven research could fundamentally transform how new and better materials are developed. What’s more, it might even revamp how materials research itself is carried out, enabling promising new materials and processes to be developed more quickly. Machine learning methods come in a variety of flavors, with some requiring more guidance, or “supervision,” from researchers. But, generally, a machine-learning algorithm designed to discover and understand the behavior of materials looks for patterns connecting the composition, structure, and properties of known materials..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Mosquito-borne illness kills more than 700,000 people per year. Often these pathogens reside in the mosquito gut, where they may be impacted by their diet and gut microbiome. But there are gaps in the research into these impacts. Specifically, most studies into mosquito sugar metabolism focused on blood diets, but only female mosquitos drink blood, while both sexes eat plant sugars like nectar and sap. Similarly, most mosquito microbiome research focused on bacteria, largely missing the potential role of gut fungi, or the mycobiome. To narrow these gaps, researchers examined fructose metabolism in Asian tiger mosquitoes using 13C-metabolomics and stable isotope probing. While female and male mosquitos had distinct metabolic pathways, the active fungal groups in both sexes after fructose ingestion had a mix of competitive and synergistic interactions. There was also evidence of cross-feeding interactions, where one microbial species produces metabolites that other microbes use..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Microbial metagenomes are like a blueprint of all the functions performed by a microbial community. Some microbes can't be grown in the lab, so metagenomics is important for investigating otherwise-unknown microbial "dark matter". Short-read sequencing provides large amounts of data, but it's hard to assemble into complete genomes. A recent study combined short-read data with nanopore long-read data using Iterative Hybrid Assembly (IHA). The researchers reconstructed 49 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including some with very low coverage. In total, 34 MAGs did not belong to any known genus, representing unknown microbe groups. The IHA method revealed more of the genes present than a short-read-only approach and showed that the anammox genome of genus Ca. Brocadia contains two identical hydrazine synthase genes. The current method is best for enriched microbial communities and will be extended to high-complexity samples in the future..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Research is increasingly showing the impact of the microbiome -- the diverse microbial communities living within the gut -- on human health. But, _when_ and _how_ is the microbiome established? Two opposing hypotheses have been put forward. For over a century, the prevailing thought has been that the human fetal environment is sterile and that microbes are acquired during and after birth. If this view is correct, the microbiome of infants born via C-section should differ from those born vaginally. Recent studies using molecular techniques, however, suggest that bacterial communities may be present in the placenta, amniotic fluid, and the baby’s first stool. They posit that the acquisition of the gut microbiome, therefore, begins _in utero_. If this is the case, delivery method should have less of an effect on early microbiome assembly..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Consuming high amounts of red meat is commonly linked to an increased risk of developing cancer, especially colorectal cancer. At the same time, antibodies against Neu5Gc , a carbohydrate derived from red meat, have been observed to worsen cancer in “human-like” mice. While these antibodies and red meat consumption are each believed to increase cancer risk, it remains unknown how diet affects the antibodies. Now, research suggests that consuming Neu5Gc from red meat and dairy can modulate the amounts and properties of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in humans, providing clues to how the carbohydrate might be linked to cancer. The team behind the study calculated daily intake of Neu5Gc for more than 19,000 subjects aged 18 years or older. These participants provided regular logs of food consumed over 24-hour periods as part of the NutriNet-Santé study, which was designed to investigate relationships between nutrition and health status..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"SARS-CoV-2 is the notorious virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Like other viruses, it coexists with a multitude of other microorganisms that could influence our susceptibility to infection. Thus, identifying associations between bacteria and SARS-CoV-2 could lend critical insight for the development of strategies for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. To meet this need, researchers recently characterized the microbial communities associated with COVID-19 patients, health care providers, and indoor surfaces in the hospital environment using 16S rRNA sequencing. They found SARS-CoV-2 RNA on 16% of the surfaces in COVID-19 patient rooms, with the highest prevalence in floor samples and lower prevalence on bed rails. SARS-CoV-2-positive samples had higher bacterial diversity than SARS-CoV-2-negative samples. Interestingly, bacteria in the genus Rothia were commonly found in the samples containing SARS-CoV-2, suggesting the existence of an association between these microorganisms..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"In the human gut, a subpopulation of the microbiome belonging to Archaea produces methane through fermentation. Increased methane production is associated with gastrointestinal discomfort and disorders, and 20% of the healthy Western population exhales high methane levels, indicating high gut methane production. However, the mechanisms and health effects are unclear. To learn more, a recent study analysed 100 healthy young adults who were divided into high methane emitters and low methane emitters according to breath analysis. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the microbiomes of high and low emitters had different diversity levels and different compositions. Notably, the relative abundance of the archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii was 1000-fold higher in high emitters than in low emitters, and M. smithii in the high emitters co-occurred with dietary fiber-degrading bacteria, including Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Worldwide, today's stakeholders are concerned with more than shareholder value They care about a firm’s carbon footprint the production of safe and healthy products and suppliers that respect regulations and ethical principles For that reason, firms started issuing corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports, and audit firms now provide CSR assurance services That begs the question: Should firms use the same audit firm to perform both CSR assurance and financial audits? Or seek a different CSR assurance provider altogether? Researchers recently weighed in by analyzing more than 28,000 firm-year observations from 55 countries They discovered that audit firms offering CSR assurance + financial audits obtain more information about CSR risks than firms providing financial audits only Joint-service audit firms deliver better audit quality and make fewer Type II going concern errors have clients that book larger environmental and litigation provisions are less likely to provide income-decreasing restatements an.."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Accurate identification of medical alarm sounds can be life-saving, but current standard alarms are difficult to learn. One issue is that these alarms, despite having different melodies, possess highly similar tonal qualities. This makes it hard to distinguish, for example, an alarm indicating an abnormal heart rate from one denoting abnormal oxygen saturation. To ease interpretation, researchers have developed new auditory icon alarms. These real-world sounds are associated with the processes they represent, such as the sound made by pills rattling in a bottle to indicate a drug administration issue or the sound of assisted breathing to denote abnormal ventilation parameters. The intuitive reaction to such sounds should make the icon alarms easier to identify than standard alarms, creating new possibilities to improve patient safety. The team tested the usability of the icons in a simulated intensive care unit..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Ischemic heart disease is a narrowing of the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. Caused by a build-up of plaque, this restricted blood flow, or ischemia, can cause chest pain and heart attacks, and is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Increasingly, physicians are looking to use MRI to visualize and measure the extent and severity of ischemia. This technique involves the injection of a contrast agent into a blood vessel in the arm. MRI is then used to create a series of images of the heart as the agent is delivered to the muscle, allowing physicians to visualize regions receiving inadequate blood flow. Images are acquired both at rest and during the “stress” induced by giving the patient a drug that increases blood flow to the heart as would occur during exercise. The utility of this approach, however, has been hindered by a lack of objective evaluation methods and the time-consuming task of processing the results in a laboratory setting..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Many older patients experience a kind of ‘brain fog’ following surgery, in which cognition is impaired from lingering effects of anesthesia. It’s temporary, but can still be disruptive. Now, there is early evidence that one way to prevent such problems is to automate more aspects of anesthetic management during surgery. That’s the preliminary finding from a new randomized controlled trial appearing in the journal Anesthesiology. Researchers at a hospital in Belgium tested whether automating three aspects of anesthetic management -- anesthetic depth, cardiac blood flow, and protective lung ventilation -- improved performance on cognitive tests post-op, compared to when an anesthesiologist is in manual control. Going in, the idea was that machines could do an even better job than humans at keeping parameters within the recommended ranges, and this might lead patients to have less post-op cognitive impairment..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is underdiagnosed in many European countries and the process of accessing care and diagnosis is complex and variable. In many countries, general practitioners (GPs) refer on to secondary care where individuals receive an assessment and, if appropriate, a diagnosis and access to care. It is therefore essential that GPs have a clear understanding of the disorder and its care pathways. While previous studies have highlighted potential barriers in GPs’ ADHD awareness, this qualitative study aims to further explore individual stakeholders’ experiences. Methods Semi-structured interviews explored the views of multiple stakeholders- GPs (n=5), healthcare specialists (n=5) and patients (adults with ADHD n=5), (parents n=5) and with experience of the presentation and management of ADHD in primary care. These interviews were analysed using thematic analyses and following principles of grounded theory..."

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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A new addition to the International Space Station marks the beginning of exciting new explorations of exotic matter. This is BECCAL, the Bose-Einstein Condensate and Cold Atom Laboratory. A joint venture between NASA and the German Aerospace Center, BECCAL will enable scientists across the globe to eliminate one pesky force that plagues earthbound experiments: gravity. A Bose-Einstein condensate is a state of matter formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density to just above absolute zero. Systems like this enable scientists to study aspects of quantum mechanics on a relatively big scale, and could hold the key to bridging quantum mechanics to general relativity. Methods for generating Bose-Einstein condensates vary according to how they trap atoms, using either optics or magnets to do the trick. But typical experiments are hampered by the force of gravity. In a standard setup, gravity deforms optical and magnetic traps..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) is a member of an embryonic signaling cascade that is involved in lung development, but in mature tissue it plays key roles in both cancer and neurological disease. In cancer BMPR2 regulates cell survival signaling events independent of BMP type 1 receptors or the Smad-1/5 transcription factor. BMPR2 contributes to neurological disease when its signaling pathway is overactivated, and BMPR2 stabilizes microtubules. However, it is not yet known if BMPR2 regulates microtubules in cancer cells or what effect that would have on cell survival. To examine this, researchers recently inhibited BMPR2 signaling in lung cancer cell culture and found that it destabilized microtubules. This destabilization led to the activation of lysosomes, which then further decreased BMPR2 signaling. This likely sensitizes cancer cells to cell death via lysosomal permeability. These results demonstrate novel mechanisms by which BMPR2 regulates survival in cancer cells..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Although wildly popular among pet owners, brachycephalic dogs are predisposed to a number of respiratory problems. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, or BOAS , refers to a set of upper airway abnormalities that some dogs of these breeds can face. These can include a long soft palate and laryngeal collapse. Surgery can improve some of these issues if pet owners and veterinarians act at the first sign of trouble. Unfortunately, that’s not always the case. Most often, it’s only when breathing becomes problematic that action is taken—when these dogs are already at a high risk of complication or even death. How can pet owners and vets understand this risk before it’s too late? In a recent study, researchers report a 10-point scale they’ve devised to do just that. It’s called the brachycephalic risk—or BRisk—score..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Two important hallmarks of the disease are faulty tumor suppressor genes and altered composition of the community of microbes that live in the colon. That prompted researchers to explore whether there is a connection between the two. They examined 33 tissue samples from patients with colorectal cancer. Protein-assisted DNA sequencing revealed the prominence of Fusobacterium nucleatum, pathogenic bacteria associated with gum disease, and Hungatella hathewayi, rod-shaped bacteria with no substantial track record of causing disease. Further experiments showed that these bacteria can actually mute genes that normally suppress cancer, promoting the spread of colorectal cancer cells. The findings are unexpected evidence that bacteria in the colon can regulate genes linked to cancer suppression and reveal at least a few targets for anti-cancer therapy..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The birth of a child involves many big transitions, but one of these changes occurs inside the child, who transitions from the sterile womb to an outside environment full of microbes. While this has lasting effects on growth, inflammation, and immunity, remarkably little is known about how gut bacteria and viruses are acquired by infants. Recently, researchers used next-generation sequencing to evaluate microbes from the guts of 28 pairs of twins and their mothers. They found that the majority of the infant’s gut bacteria were similar to their mother’s gut bacteria. Viruses were less similar, suggesting they might be transmitted through other routes. Twins also shared more of their gut microbiota with each other, emphasizing the strong effect of environmental exposure, and mode of delivery had very little effect on how much of the infants’ gut microbiome was inherited from their mothers..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Crohn’s disease is an incredibly painful inflammatory bowel disease that frequently reoccurs after treatment. The growth of a certain type of abdominal fat has been associated with Crohn's disease recurrence. This fat, called mesenteric adipose tissue, is tucked up against the membrane connecting the intestines to the abdominal wall. Microbes can escape the intestines in Crohn's disease and may affect the mesenteric fat. Recently, researchers explored this relationship by investigating the mesenteric microbiome of patients with Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease patients had distinct mesenteric microbiomes, host gene expression patterns, and metabolites compared to controls. To explore the specifics, the researchers isolated bacterial strains from the mesenteric microbiome of these patients. In a mouse model of colitis, introducing a mixture of five of the isolated bacterial strains made disease symptoms worse. One of these strains, _A..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Our microbiomes are in continuous exchange with the microorganisms living in our indoor environments. In hospitals, this interaction may play a critical role in hospital-acquired infections and the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, the bacterial colonization dynamics in newly opened hospitals are poorly understood. In a recent study, researchers used a longitudinal metagenomic approach to characterize this process in a newly occupied hospital ward. Sequencing data showed that the taxonomic succession was site-specific and led to stable community structures after only a few weeks. This fast colonization process was characterized by a significant increase in the bacterial biomass and its alpha-diversity. The bacterial composition of the environment could also be linked to exchanges with patient microbiota. They did not detect a rise in pathogenic bacteria during the 30-week study, but the number of antibiotic resistance genes found on the hospital floor increased over time..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Microbes are all around us. With around the same number of bacteria as cells in each human body, our microbiomes are constantly interacting with microbes in the surrounding environment. And indoor environmental microbes can influence our health, affecting allergies, asthma, and other health conditions. To better characterize indoor microbial communities, researchers conducted an environmental assessment as part of an epidemiologic study of 50 elementary schools in a large city in the United States. They identified more than 2,000 bacterial species in floor dust collected from 500 classrooms. The most abundant bacterial phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and interestingly, the genus Halospirulina was reported for the first time in a classroom sample. Outdoor-associated and gram-negative bacteria were more abundant in classroom floor dust compared to homes, where human-associated and gram-positive bacteria are more abundant..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.