(This case study was added to OER Commons as one of a batch of over 700. It has relevant information which may include medical imagery, lab results, and history where relevant. A link to the final diagnosis can be found at the end of the case study for review. The first paragraph of the case study -- typically, but not always the clinical presentation -- is provided below.)

Clinical history-1 This 12-year-old boy presented with a one-month history of intracranial raised pressure syndrome, characterized by headache and vomiting, followed by nuchal pain and torticollis. Physical and neurological examinations were normal except for papilledema. No hereditary syndromes were disclosed.

(This case study was added to OER Commons as one of a batch of over 700. It has relevant information which may include medical imagery, lab results, and history where relevant. A link to the final diagnosis can be found at the end of the case study for review. The first paragraph of the case study -- typically, but not always the clinical presentation -- is provided below.)

The patient is a previously healthy 29-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital for evaluation after experiencing seizures. A neurological examination elicited no abnormalities. CT and MR imaging were performed and revealed a cortico-subcortical lesion mass involving most of the right frontal lobe with sulcal effacement, compression on the foramen of Monro and hydrocephalus. The CT demonstrated curvilinear narrow calcifications (Figure 1). The lesion was hyperintense to the cortex on T2 and FLAIR (Figures 2 and 3) while partially hyperintense on T1 (Figure 4), with a marked homogeneous enhancement (Figure 5). All the sequences showed a "bag-of-worms sign" (which is best seen on the T2-weighted images) due to the presence of multiple tiny vessels associated with flow-voids (Figures 2 and 3). Moreover, in the lesion there were two deeply seated pseudocysts that showed contrast enhancement visible in the late phase. Based on these findings, a digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed which confirmed the hypervascular nature of the lesion but it did not indicate the presence of an arteriovenous malformation (Figure 6). At surgery, the lesion was removed via a right frontal craniotomy. The excision was macroscopically complete.

(This case study was added to OER Commons as one of a batch of over 700. It has relevant information which may include medical imagery, lab results, and history where relevant. A link to the final diagnosis can be found at the end of the case study for review. The first paragraph of the case study -- typically, but not always the clinical presentation -- is provided below.)

The patient is a previously healthy 35-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital for evaluation after experiencing vomitus, dizziness and headache for one month. A neurological examination elicited no abnormalities. CT and MR imaging were performed and revealed a 3.5 x 3.2 cm solitary, well-delineated, extra-axial midline mass arising from the frontal falx cerebri. The lesion was isointense to the cortex on T2 (Figure 1) and hypointense on T1, with a marked homogenous enhancement after intravenous contrast administration (Figures 2 and 3). Based on these findings, the radiological diagnosis was meningioma of the falx. At surgery, the tumour appeared as an extra-axial lesion and was removed via a left midline frontal craniotomy. The excision was macroscopically complete.

(This case study was added to OER Commons as one of a batch of over 700. It has relevant information which may include medical imagery, lab results, and history where relevant. A link to the final diagnosis can be found at the end of the case study for review. The first paragraph of the case study -- typically, but not always the clinical presentation -- is provided below.)

This 5-year-old boy was admitted to our Department after a one month history of intracranial hypertension followed by the occurence of neurological deficits. Symptoms started with asthenia, headache, nausea and irritability. Later, right eye ptosis and deficit of lateral ocular movements appeared.