This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"_Clostridioides difficile_ infection (CDI), the most common hospital-acquired infection in the U.S., can cause severe diarrhea and even death, and more than 15% of infected individuals experience recurrent infection within 8 weeks. CDI is related to gut microbiome imbalance, but the factors that influence recurrence are not well understood. To identify potential predictors of recurrence, researchers sequenced and metabolically profiled the gut microbiomes of 53 patients with CDI over time. Compared to patients with no recurrence, patients with recurrent CDI had slower recovery of gut microbial diversity, and depletion of important anaerobic microbes, such as certain _Clostridium_ species. The patients with recurrent CDI also had delayed recovery of microbial metabolites in the gut, which was likely associated with dysfunction of the microbiome or of the host tissue..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Diarrhea is common among calves and causes huge losses to the global cattle industry. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one promising approach to prevent and treat calf diarrhea. However, achieving success with FMT is difficult because of farm management differences, a lack of good donors, and the difficulty of recipient selection. To guide more effective FMT, a recent study investigated factors related to FMT success or failure in 20 donor–recipient pairs. The overall success rate for diarrhea improvement was 70%. Selenomonas bacteria were found in both donors and recipients when FMT was successful, suggesting that Selenomonas may be a biomarker of donor–recipient compatibility, and Sporobacter was identified as a potential biomarker for good donor selection. Pairs of correlations between specific microbial taxa and metabolites were also linked to success, and low levels of pre-FMT glycerol 3-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, and isoamylamine were predicted to facilitate good results..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Chronic diarrhea is a messy disease that can even be fatal. In addition to being widespread in humans, it’s common in captive rhesus macaques, which are important research animals. However, the causes of chronic diarrhea are often murky. To learn more, researchers recently compared the gut microbiomes of rhesus macaques with and without chronic diarrhea. According to metagenomic sequencing, sick macaques had significant depletion of Lactobacillus bacteria but increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens and bacteria that degrade the protective intestinal mucus layer. Metabolic pathways related to virulence factor synthesis were also activated in macaques with diarrhea, whereas beneficial short-chain fatty acid pathways were enhanced in asymptomatic macaques. In addition, compared with those of asymptomatic macaques, the gut bacteria of sick macaques had higher expression of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and greater resistance to most tested antibiotics..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This session presents an overview of the association between water, sanitation, hygiene and human health. A particular focus upon transmission and treatment of diarrhea disease among small children. Other diseases given particular priority in the presentation include Hepatitis A and E viruses and bacteria that cause cholera or typhoid fever. Likewise, the importance of water-washed diseases, especially infectious skin and eye diseases, such as scabies and trachoma are presented. The preventive actions needed to reduce the burden of the various infectious diseases associated with water, sanitation and hygiene will be introduced.

This presentation provides an introduction to diarrheal diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites and other disease causing agents or pathogens. Furthermore, we’ll look at the range of syndromes associated with diarrhea and uncover two significant pathogens: rotavirus and vibrio cholera. Finally, we’ll delve into methods for managing diarrheal diseases and the significance of sanitation in preventing diarrheal diseases.

Diarrheal diseases are easy to prevent, but is still one of the biggest child killers. In the past few years there has been a reduction in diarrheal deaths, in part thanks to the new Rota vaccine.
Get transcript for video here: https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/module/58789/overview

Downloadable transcripts for the videos from Karolinska Institutet, from the course "An Introduction to Global Health".The course is originally published at EdX. 

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Colitis and other diarrheal diseases cause serious health problems in dairy calves and are often managed by antibiotics. But heavy agricultural antibiotic use is a major driver of the global antibiotic resistance crisis, meaning there is a need for non-antibiotic therapeutics. One such potential therapeutic is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or its common formulation, ursodiol. UDCA is a bile acid with previously demonstrated effectiveness treating colitis but an unclear mechanism of action. In a multipronged study, researchers examined the microbiome and metabolic profiles of healthy and diarrheic calves and tested the impacts of UDCA and ursodiol in cell culture and mouse models. A core set of gut bacterial groups distinguished healthy calves from diarrheic ones and those beneficial groups were associated with microbial UDCA production, short-chain fatty acids, and other prebiotics. Further, in several cell culture and mouse models, ursodiol administration blocked bacterial growth and invasion..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.