Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Discuss the concept of entropyExplain the first and second laws of thermodynamics

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Discuss the concept of entropyExplain the first and second laws of thermodynamics

This course in crystal structure refinement examines the practical aspects of crystal structure determination from data collection strategies to data reduction and basic and advanced refinement problems of organic and inorganic molecules.

An introductory course in the molecular biology of the auditory system. First half focuses on human genetics and molecular biology, covering fundamentals of pedigree analysis, linkage analysis, molecular cloning, and gene analysis as well as ethical/legal issues, all in the context of an auditory disorder. Second half emphasizes molecular approaches to function and dysfunction of the cochlea, and is based on readings and discussion of research literature.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Molluscum contagiosum is a common skin infection caused by a poxvirus that primarily affects children. Currently there is no FDA-approved treatment for molluscum. Phase 3 clinical trials suggest that VP-102, a combination drug-device product, could be safe and effective for use in molluscum participants aged 2 or older. VP-102 is a shelf-stable, proprietary drug-device combination product containing a topical solution of the active ingredient cantharidin (a vesicant), along with acetone, gentian violet (a surgical dye), and denatonium benzoate (a bittering agent). Once the solution is applied to molluscum lesions, it dries to form a thin flexible film. VP-102 should be removed by washing with soap and water approximately 24 hours after treatment. Two randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled phase 3 trials named CAMP -1 and CAMP-2 were conducted to evaluate VP-102 in treating molluscum in participants 2 years or older..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Class 1 cytokine receptors, or C1CRs, are transmembrane proteins that facilitate communication between the inside and outside of cells. They orchestrate key processes such as proliferation, differentiation, immunity, and growth largely through long intracellular domains (ICDs) – forming C1CR-ICDs. A recent study shows that C1CR-ICDs share being fully disordered and brimming with short linear motifs, or SLiMs, which are compact amino acid sequences that mediate protein interactions. How can disorder govern this critical signaling capacity? Many of these SLiMs are overlapping, indicating a complex regulation of interactions. Together with a different amino composition compared to other IDPs, this enables the C1CR-ICDs to execute distinct functions. Thus, organizational and functional features are embedded within the disorder of the C1CR-ICDs but remain to be decoded..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Students learn about the strength of bones and methods of helping to mend fractured bones. During a class demonstration, a chicken bone is broken by applying a load until it reaches a point of failure (fracture). Then, working as biomedical engineers, students teams design their own splint or cast to help repair a fractured bone, learning about the strength of materials used.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The molecular mechanisms behind diseases and malignancies were once considered to follow a basic paradigm. Cells use a network of protein-protein interactions to detect environmental changes, signal the nucleus, and then trigger a response through changes in gene expression. Recent evidence, however, suggests the products of protein breakdown, rather than the proteins alone, could play an important role. A new review from the Kastritis Laboratory outlines how the fatty acid metabolites acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate, and palmitic acid, in particular help orchestrate cell signaling and communication. These metabolites are regulated by large enzymatic complexes, or “metabolons”; acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, α-ketoglutarate by the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and palmitic acid by fatty acid synthase..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the transfer of fecal microbes from a healthy donor to a recipient with disease, the goal being to restore the composition and functionality of therecipient’s intestinal microbial community. One possible drawback of FMT is that feces largely contain microbes from the large intestine but not from the small intestine. A new study shows that this imbalance could limit the potential health benefits of FMT. The reason is that microbe colonization in the gut tends to be highly compartmentalized. Experiments showed that microbes transferred from donor pigs tended to colonize the same regions of the gut in recipient mice. Large-intestine microbes colonized the large intestine, and small-intestine microbes colonized the small intestine. Compared with FMT, this “whole-intestine” microbiota transplantation (WIMT) introduced more microbes derived from the small intestine, as predicted..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.