This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Metastasis is the leading cause of breast cancer-related death, but traditional Chinese medicines such as Aiduqing (ADQ) can help prevent it. ADQ is known to target caveolin-1, CXCL1-mediated autophagy, and matrix metalloproteinase-related epithelial-mesenchymal transition, but it remains unclear whether it also modulates tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)/CXCL1 activity to remodel the tumor microenvironment. To find out, researchers recently examined the effects of ADQ in mice and cultured cells. In mice, ADQ significantly reduced xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis without causing toxicity. ADQ also remodeled the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Mechanistic studies revealed that ADQ reduced CXCL1 expression and secretion from TAMs to suppress CD4+ T cell chemotaxis and Treg differentiation, thus increasing CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain adaptive immunityCompare and contrast adaptive and innate immunityDescribe cell-mediated immune response and humoral immune responseDescribe immune tolerance

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Autoimmune disease happens when the body’s immune system reacts to its own cells and tissues. Central to this process are regulatory T cells (Tregs), which control the inflammatory CD4 T cell response. Understanding how to boost Tregs will help researchers develop new therapies for autoimmunity. In a recent study, researchers zeroed in on a broad regulator of cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation – MKL-1. Using molecular techniques, they examined its interaction with STAT5, a transcriptional activator central to Treg development. After overexpressing or silencing MKL-1 and STAT5 in cell lines, they evaluated protein interactions and Treg gene expression. The results showed that MKL-1 acts a coactivator for STAT5b targets in Tregs. MKL-1 was upregulated during Treg differentiation, and overexpressing MKL-1 enhanced the expression of Treg markers. Silencing STAT5b blocked MKL-1 from activating Treg genes, showing its dependence on STAT5b for its function..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Regulatory T cells (Tregs) normally maintain balance in the immune system, but Treg dysfunction can lead to inflammation and immune disorders. The protein PPARγ enhances Treg generation and function, so it’s a promising therapeutic target for these conditions. However, the mechanisms of PPARγ’s effects on Tregs are unclear. To learn more, researchers recently tested the effects of several PPARγ-activating drugs on Tregs derived from mouse lymph node cells. The activators increased Treg production and the expression of immunosuppressive molecules important for Treg function. They also enhanced Tregs’ energy supply by upregulating CD36 and CPT1, two proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Furthermore, PPARγ activation increased N-linked glycosylation, a process that links carbohydrate molecules to proteins and thereby altered the cell-surface abundance of the receptors TβRII and IL-2Rα, affecting the TGF-β/Smad and IL-2/STAT5 signaling pathways..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A new study reports the benefits of the traditional Chinese medicine YYFZBJS against colorectal cancer in mice. YYFZBJS is a three-part blend containing Yi-Yi-Ren, or Job’s tears seed, Fu-Zi, or monkshood, and Bai-Jiang-Cao, or patrinia. YYFZBJS has been used for nearly 1000 years to treat gastrointestinal orders. To test its effect against colorectal cancer. researchers delivered YYFZBJS to mice by fecal microbiota transplantation from humans. Mice were fed stool samples from volunteers consuming YYFZBJS or from control donors. Experiments showed that YYFZBJS treatment reduced colon and intestinal tumors. This effect could be due to alterations to the colon microbiome triggered by YYFZBJS. These modifications could regulate the activity of regulatory T cells, which directly affect colorectal cancer cell dynamics. In-depth studies are needed to confirm YYFZBJS’s mechanism of action and its potential to help patients with colorectal cancer..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.