This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Many older patients experience a kind of ‘brain fog’ following surgery, in which cognition is impaired from lingering effects of anesthesia. It’s temporary, but can still be disruptive. Now, there is early evidence that one way to prevent such problems is to automate more aspects of anesthetic management during surgery. That’s the preliminary finding from a new randomized controlled trial appearing in the journal Anesthesiology. Researchers at a hospital in Belgium tested whether automating three aspects of anesthetic management -- anesthetic depth, cardiac blood flow, and protective lung ventilation -- improved performance on cognitive tests post-op, compared to when an anesthesiologist is in manual control. Going in, the idea was that machines could do an even better job than humans at keeping parameters within the recommended ranges, and this might lead patients to have less post-op cognitive impairment..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Name and describe lung volumes and capacitiesUnderstand how gas pressure influences how gases move into and out of the body

Revised for Human Gas Exchange and simplified somewhat.By the end of this section, you will be able to:Name and describe lung volumes and capacitiesUnderstand how gas pressure influences how gases move into and out of the body

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A new report in Anesthesiology suggests that personalization is key to protecting lung function during surgery and to reducing the chance of postoperative lung collapse. Lung-protective ventilation has long been linked with better outcomes for certain patients undergoing general anesthesia, but one ventilatory parameter still in need of optimization is positive end-expiratory pressure, or PEEP. There’s been a general lack of agreement regarding whether low or moderate levels of PEEP are more protective during surgery. The new study suggests that this lack of consensus occurs, at least in part, because PEEP isn’t usually tailored to a patient’s individual physiology. This conclusion was based on a randomized trial of 40 patients with healthy lungs who underwent abdominal surgery. All patients were initially anesthetized and ventilated with a PEEP of 4cm H2O..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Mechanical ventilation is a tricky balancing act. Ventilators involve many different settings, and a change to one nearly always causes shifts in others. This interdependence makes it difficult to pinpoint what parameters might contribute to lung injury. And this ambiguity extends to positive end-expiratory pressure, or PEEP. Although many believe that PEEP protects against ventilation-induced lung injury, a new report in the journal Anesthesiology argues that PEEP is also a source of risk. According to the report, this dual nature is the result PEEP’s key role in mechanical power. The concept of mechanical power serves to provide a unified overview of how different ventilator settings relate to the risk for ventilator-induced lung injury. In essence, mechanical power describes the intensity of energy delivered to the respiratory system during ventilation. The sum of this energy depends on everything from tidal volume to respiratory rate..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"For patients in need of breathing assistance, mechanical ventilation can save lives. But it can also worsen or even initiate lung injury, which could prove fatal. Although excess tidal volume is associated with ventilator-induced lung injury, no prior reports address the effects produced by the combination of tidal volume and mechanical power – the energy transferred from a ventilator to the lungs as a function of time. To answer this question, an international research team looked at varying combinations of tidal volume, respiratory rate, and mechanical power to determine how each contributes to injury. Their results suggest that mechanical power plays a larger role than previously thought. The team randomized 32 Wistar rats with experimental mild acute respiratory distress syndrome to receive either low- or high-power mechanical ventilation, in combination with low or high tidal volume. In the low-power groups, the respiratory rate was adjusted to maintain normocapnia..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.