This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Glioblastomas are deadly, malignant brain tumors. Even with current treatment methods, the median life expectancy after diagnosis is only 15 months. This extreme treatment resistance is primarily due to changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Glioblastomas sometimes recruit normal cells to aid growth, and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have been observed migrating toward glioblastomas. Understanding the interaction between tumor and non-tumor cells in the TME is critical to developing new treatments. Recently, researchers examined the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from glioblastoma cell lines on the cell lines themselves and mouse NPCs (mNPCs). In both glioblastoma cell lines and mNPCs, glioblastoma-derived EVs promoted proliferation and migration. Using a combination of proteomic profiling and laboratory assays, researchers examined the potential mechanisms of this effect and identified the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway as a key mediator..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare, spontaneous cancer found in bone marrow. Often the causative mutation generates a fusion protein, BCR-ABL1, with abnormal tyrosine kinase activity, and that abnormal activity is the target of the current tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatments. However, these treatments are expensive if used long term and do not kill cancerous stem cells. Thus, new treatments and treatment targets are needed. One potential category of targets are transcription regulators, such as CDK9 (cyclin-dependent kinase 9). Wogonin is a naturally occurring inhibitor of CDK9, and in a recent study it showed anti-CML effects on cell lines and primary CML cells. Specifically, wogonin induced erythroid differentiation in CML cell lines and primary cells and apoptosis in the KU-812 cell line. Wogonin treatment increased binding between GATA-1 and FOG-1, key players in erythrocyte differentiation and decreased binding between GATA-1 and RUNX1, which regulate megakaryocyte differentiation..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Western blots are widely used in molecular cell biology to identify proteins-of-interest in complex protein samples. In western blots, antibodies and detection reagents are used to stain membranes containing replicas of polyacrylamide gels. This module introduces students to the theory and practice of western blots. In this module, students:learn about the biological origins and structural properties of antibodies that underly their specificity.learn how epitope tags allow the detection of proteins-of-interest on western blots.prepare membrane replicas containing protein extracts that have been resolved by SDS-PAGE.analyze protein expression in yeast that have been transformed with expression plasmids.This module is part of an introductory laboratory course, Investigations in Molecular Cell Biology, at Boston College.