Last week, Hank talked about how stuff mixes together in solutions. Today, and for the next few weeks, he will talk about the actual reactions happening in those solutions - atoms reorganizing themselves to create whole new substances in the processes that make our world the one we know and love. This week, we focus on acids and bases and their proton-exchanging ways.

Chapters:
Chemistry Can Cause Death
Acids and Bases are Complicated
Conjugate Bases
Conjugate Acids
Acid-Base Stoichiometry
Review

Today Hank talks about the deliciousness of alkenes & alkynes, their structures, and how to remember which is which by simply knowing the alphabet. Also, he breaks down hydrogenation, halogenation, polymerization, and triglycerides all while helping us figure out the meaning of different names for fats.

What's that smell? Smell's like Organic Chemistry! This week Hank talks about Aromatics and Cyclic Compounds, naming their substituents, resonance, and common reactions & uses.

Atoms are a lot like us - we call their relationships "bonds," and there are many different types. Each kind of atomic relationship requires a different type of energy, but they all do best when they settle into the lowest stress situation possible. The nature of the bond between atoms is related to the distance between them and, like people, it also depends on how positive or negative they are. Unlike human relationships, we can analyze exactly what makes chemical relationships work, and that's what this episode is all about.

If you are paying attention, you will learn that chemical bonds form in order to minimize the energy difference between two atoms or ions; that those chemical bonds may be covalent if atoms share electrons, and that covalent bonds can share those electrons evenly or unevenly; that bonds can also be ionic if the electrons are transferred instead of shared: and how to calculate the energy transferred in an ionic bond using Coulomb's Law.

Chapters:
Bonds Minimize Energy
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Coulomb's Law

Models are great, except they're also usually inaccurate. In this episode of Crash Course Chemistry, Hank discusses why we need models in the world and how we can learn from them... even when they're almost completely wrong. Plus, Lewis Structures!

Chapters:
Models
Linus Pauling & The Bonding Model
Lewis Dot Structures
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Double Bonds
Triple Bonds

In this episode, Hank talks about how nutty our world is via Buffers! He defines buffers and their compositions and talks about carbonate buffering systems in nature, acid rain, pH of buffers, and titration. Plus, a really cool experiment using indicators to showcase just how awesome buffers are.

Chapters:
Nature is Nutty
Carbonate Buffering and Acid Rain
Definition of Buffers
Composition of Buffers
pH of Buffers
Titration
Carbonate Buffering in Nature

Today's episode dives into the HOW of enthalpy. How we calculate it, and how we determine it experimentally...even if our determinations here at Crash Course Chemistry are somewhat shoddy.

Chapters:
Hess' Law
Calorimeter
Calorimetry
Specific Heat Capacity
Calorimetry Sources of Error

Today's Crash Course Chemistry takes a historical perspective on the creation of the science, which didn't really exist until a super-smart, super-wealthy Frenchman put the puzzle pieces together - Hank tells the story of how we went from alchemists to chemists, who understood the law of conservation of mass as proposed by a decapitated aristocrat, and explains how we came to have a greater understanding of how chemical compounds work and eventually a complete understanding of what atoms and molecules are.

Chapters:
Alchemists to Chemists
Law of Conservation of Mass
Decapitated Aristocrat
Chemical Compounds
Atoms and Molecules :1

In which Hank blows our minds with the different kinds of solids out there and talks about why they're all different and have different properties. Today, you'll learn about amorphous and crystalline solids, types of crystalline solids, types of crystalline atomic solids, properties of each type of solid, and that the properties depend on the bond types.

Chemistry raised to the power of AWESOME! That's what Hank is talking about today with Electrochemistry. Contained within, Hank discusses electrochemical reactions, half-reactions, how batteries work, galvanic cells, voltage, standard reduction potential, cell potential, electrolysis, electroplating, and the things that go into making it possible for you to watch this episode of Crash Course Chemistry!

Grumpy Professor Hank admits to being wrong about how everything is chemicals. But he now wants you to listen as he blows your mind with a new sweeping statement: everything (yes, really everything this time) is energy. What?!

This week, Hank takes us on a quick tour of how thermodynamics is applied in chemistry using his toy trebuchet as an example because he is a proud nerd.

Chapters:
Everything Is Energy
Forms of Energy
Potential Energy
Chemical Energy
Energy Is Constant & Law of Thermodynamics
System & Surroundings
Energy Transfer
Work
Heat
Trebuchets

Energy is like the bestest best friend ever and yet, most of the time we take it for granted. Hank feels bad for our friend and wants us to learn more about it so that we can understand what it's trying to tell us - like that any bond between two atoms contains energy. How much energy? That's not the simplest question to answer, but today Hank will answer it (kinda), by teaching us about a nifty little thing called enthalpy.

If you are paying attention to this episode you'll learn what the state function is, and how it varies from a path-dependent function; why enthalpy change is different from heat; that bonds are energy and to form and break them they release and absorb heat to and from their environment. You'll get the quickest introduction to calorimetry ever (more on that in upcoming episodes) and learn the power of Hess's Law and how to use Germain Hess's concept of the standard enthalpy of formation to calculate exactly how much heat is produced by any chemical reaction.

Chapters:
State Function
Path-Dependent Function
Enthalpy
Bonds are Energy
Colorimetry
Hess' Law
Standard Enthalpy of Formation

Life is chaos and the universe tends toward disorder. But why? If you think about it, there are only a few ways for things to be arranged in an organized manner, but there are nearly infinite other ways for those same things to be arranged. Simple rules of probability dictate that it's much more likely for stuff to be in one of the many disorganized states than in one of the few organized states. This tendency is so unavoidable that it's known as the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. Obviously, disorder is a pretty big deal in the universe and that makes it a pretty big deal in chemistry - it's such a big deal that scientists have a special name for it: entropy. In chemistry, entropy is the measure of molecular randomness or disorder. For the next thirteen minutes, Hank hopes you will embrace the chaos as he teaches you about entropy.

Chapters:
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy
DEMONSTRATION!
BA(OH)2•8H2O+NH4Ci
J.W. Gibbs & Gibbs Free Energy

In this episode of Crash Course Chemistry, Hank goes over the ideas of keeping your life balance... well, your chemical life. Equilibrium is all about balance and today Hank discusses Chemical Equilibrium, Concentration, Temperature, and Pressure. Also, he'll chat about Le Chatalier's Principle and Fritz Haber.

In which Hank shows you that, while it may seem like the Universe is messing with us, equilibrium isn't a cosmic trick. Here, he shows you how to calculate equilibrium constant & conditions of reactions and use RICE tables all with some very easy, not-so-scary math.

Chapters:
Calculating an Equilibrium Constant
Calculating Conditions of Reactions
RICE Tables
Quadratic Equations

In this final episode of Crash Course Chemistry, Hank takes us on a tour of The Global Carbon Cycle and how it all works. From Carbon Fixation to Redox Reactions, it's all contained within!

How did we get here? Well, in terms of Atomic Chemistry, Hank takes us on a tour of the folks that were part of the long chain of other folks who helped us get to these deeper understandings of the world. From Leucippus to Heisenberg to you - yes, YOU - the story of Atomic Chemistry is all wibbly-wobbly... and amazing.

Learning to talk about chemistry can be like learning a foreign language, but Hank is here to help with some straightforward and simple rules to help you learn to speak Chemistrian like a native.

Chapters:
Determining Formulas and Names of Monatomic Ions
Finding Cation-and Anion Forming Elements on the Periodic Table
Writing Formulas and Naming Transition Metals
Naming Acids and their Anions

Functional groups? Functional groups within functional groups? Hank takes today's Crash Course video to discuss some confusing ideas about Hydrocarbon Derivatives but then makes it all make more sense.

In which Hank introduces us to the world of Organic Chemistry and, more specifically, the power of hydrocarbon. He talks about the classifications of organic compounds, the structures & properties of alkanes, isomers, and naming an alkane all by observing its structure.

Chapters:

Classifications of Organic Compounds
Structures & Properties of Alkanes
Isomers
Naming an Alkane Based on its Structure