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This is a one semester, creative commons licensed macroeconomics textbook designed for urban, community college students. These students may be studying for a degree part-time while working a job and raising a family. They may be fresh out of high school or older students returning to school after decades in the workplace. They may be English language learners. They may know about some of the curriculum, like discriminatory housing or labor markets, from firsthand experience. For all of them, the mission of this book is to teach them to use economic analysis to address their own lived experiences.
ussell Cooper and Andrew John have written an economics text aimed directly at students from its very inception. You're thinking, ”Yeah, sure. I've heard that before.“
This textbook, Macroeconomics: Theory Through Applications, centers around student needs and expectations through two premises: … Students are motivated to study economics if they see that it relates to their own lives. … Students learn best from an inductive approach, in which they are first confronted with a problem, and then led through the process of solving that problem.
Many books claim to present economics in a way that is digestible for students; Russell and Andrew have truly created one from scratch. This textbook will assist you in increasing students' economic literacy both by developing their aptitude for economic thinking and by presenting key insights about economics that every educated individual should know.
This open education textbook is comprised of two parts: Analytical Methods of Economics and Intermediate Microeconomics. Each part supports courses (ECON 201 & ECON 300) in Haverford College's Economics curriculum.
Use of this work governed by a CC BY-NC license.
Word Count: 227580
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Word Count: 240122
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Russell Cooper and Andrew John have written an economics text aimed directly at students from its very inception. You're thinking, ”Yeah, sure. I've heard that before.“
This textbook, Microeconomics: Theory Through Applications, centers around student needs and expectations through two premises: … Students are motivated to study economics if they see that it relates to their own lives. … Students learn best from an inductive approach, in which they are first confronted with a problem, and then led through the process of solving that problem.
Many books claim to present economics in a way that is digestible for students; Russell and Andrew have truly created one from scratch. This textbook will assist you in increasing students' economic literacy both by developing their aptitude for economic thinking and by presenting key insights about economics that every educated individual should know.
Las instituciones del sector público deben acogerse a las necesidades emanadas por sus usuarios, por esto son controladas por diferentes entidades gubernamentales y cumplen diferentes normativas legales. Bajo este enfoque surgen diferentes metodologías para la eficiencia y eficacia, el libro responde a un modelo “Kaizen” pero bajo la metodología gubernamental de Gobierno por Resultados.
El modelo presentado utiliza herramientas de calidad como identificación de las mudas que corresponden a los desperdicios, aplicación de las 5s que es una metodología aplicada a la limpieza, orden, planificación, seguridad y autodisciplina, estas dos herramientas bajo un esquema PHVA que no es más que el proceso de planificar, hacer, verificar y actuar. Para poder aplicar este modelo se debe obtener datos de los procesos y actividades, con lo cual se tiene un antecedente y poder medir el cumplimiento de los objetivos institucionales
Models in Microeconomic Theory covers basic models in current microeconomic theory. Part I (Chapters 1-7) presents models of an economic agent, discussing abstract models of preferences, choice, and decision making under uncertainty, before turning to models of the consumer, the producer, and monopoly. Part II (Chapters 8-14) introduces the concept of equilibrium, beginning, unconventionally, with the models of the jungle and an economy with indivisible goods, and continuing with models of an exchange economy, equilibrium with rational expectations, and an economy with asymmetric information. Part III (Chapters 15-16) provides an introduction to game theory, covering strategic and extensive games and the concepts of Nash equilibrium and subgame perfect equilibrium. Part IV (Chapters 17-20) gives a taste of the topics of mechanism design, matching, the axiomatic analysis of economic systems, and social choice.
Models in Microeconomic Theory covers basic models in current microeconomic theory. Part I (Chapters 1-7) presents models of an economic agent, discussing abstract models of preferences, choice, and decision making under uncertainty, before turning to models of the consumer, the producer, and monopoly. Part II (Chapters 8-14) introduces the concept of equilibrium, beginning, unconventionally, with the models of the jungle and an economy with indivisible goods, and continuing with models of an exchange economy, equilibrium with rational expectations, and an economy with asymmetric information. Part III (Chapters 15-16) provides an introduction to game theory, covering strategic and extensive games and the concepts of Nash equilibrium and subgame perfect equilibrium. Part IV (Chapters 17-20) gives a taste of the topics of mechanism design, matching, the axiomatic analysis of economic systems, and social choice.
Models in Microeconomic Theory covers basic models in current microeconomic theory. Part I (Chapters 1-7) presents models of an economic agent, discussing abstract models of preferences, choice, and decision making under uncertainty, before turning to models of the consumer, the producer, and monopoly. Part II (Chapters 8-14) introduces the concept of equilibrium, beginning, unconventionally, with the models of the jungle and an economy with indivisible goods, and continuing with models of an exchange economy, equilibrium with rational expectations, and an economy with asymmetric information. Part III (Chapters 15-16) provides an introduction to game theory, covering strategic and extensive games and the concepts of Nash equilibrium and subgame perfect equilibrium. Part IV (Chapters 17-20) gives a taste of the topics of mechanism design, matching, the axiomatic analysis of economic systems, and social choice.
The book focuses on the concepts of model and equilibrium. It states models and results precisely, and provides proofs for all results. It uses only elementary mathematics (with almost no calculus), although many of the proofs involve sustained logical arguments. It includes about 150 exercises.
With its formal but accessible style, this textbook is designed for undergraduate students of microeconomics at intermediate and advanced levels.
Throughout this book, the pronouns she/her are used.
Short Description:
Written and published anonymously by Jonathan Swift in 1729, A Modest Proposal—full title A Modest Proposal For preventing the Children of Poor People From being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and For making them Beneficial to the Publick—is a satirical essay which mocks the heartless attitudes towards the poor. In order to improve their economic troubles, the essay suggests that the impoverished Irish sell their children as food to rich gentlemen and ladies.
Long Description:
Written and published anonymously by Jonathan Swift in 1729, A Modest Proposal—full title A Modest Proposal For preventing the Children of Poor People From being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and For making them Beneficial to the Publick—is a satirical essay which mocks the heartless attitudes towards the poor. In order to improve their economic troubles, the essay suggests that the impoverished Irish sell their children as food to rich gentlemen and ladies.
Word Count: 4255
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While current economic theory focuses on prices and games, this book models economic settings where harmony is established through one of the following societal conventions:
• A power relation according to which stronger agents are able to force weaker ones to do things against their will.
• A norm that categorizes actions as permissible or forbidden.
• A status relation over alternatives which limits each agent's choices.
• Systematic biases in agents' preferences.
These four conventions are analysed using simple and mathematically straightforward models, without any pretensions regarding direct applied usefulness. While we do not advocate for the adoption of any of these conventions specifically – we do advocate that when modelling an economic situation, alternative equilibrium notions should be considered, rather than automatically reaching for the familiar approaches of prices or games.
En el dinámico mundo de los negocios, la planificación estratégica se erige como el cimiento de la excelencia organizacional. El libro "PLANEACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA: CONCEPTOS Y HERRAMIENTAS PARA SU APLICACIÓN" sumerge al lector en un viaje fascinante a través de los pilares de la planeación estratégica y su implementación efectiva. Se exploran conceptos esenciales como la misión, la visión y los valores, se desmenuza el proceso administrativo y se establecen las categorías clave de planificación: estratégica, táctica y operativa. Los principios fundamentales sirven como cimiento para la travesía estratégica. Se destaca la importancia de analizar tanto el entorno interno como externo, empleando herramientas como el análisis FODA. La fórmula mágica se completa con la creación de objetivos estratégicos y un plan de acción con ciclos que abarcan la planificación, implementación y control. Descubra cómo los KPIs emergen como pilares esenciales para medir el rendimiento y respaldar decisiones informadas. Además, el Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) amplía la visión, llevando la medición más allá de lo financiero y proporcionando una perspectiva completa del desempeño. Este libro es un faro para aquellos que buscan navegar con éxito en el turbulento mar de los negocios.
Political Economists are concerned with the allocation of scarce resources in a world of infinite wants and needs. In order to allocate these resources, politics are used within a state to provide for the people. Political economy is the study of the relationships between individuals and society, and more specifically, the relationships between citizens and states.
Political economy is a study of philosophy and ideology that studies the evolution of political and economic ideas. Political economy is a mixture of politics, economics, sociology, philosophy, and history, which all bring together evidence to the study of how humans exist within societies. Political economists study political ideology, economic structure, human interaction, human nature, and theories in philosophical thought. It is a study that studies not only the mechanics of a particular structure, but also the reasoning behind why a structure is regarded to be the best by various people with different beliefs.
The study of political economics can be split into two different sections, one which is Classical Political Economy and the other which is Modern Political Economy. The classical branch studies range from the conservative philosophers such as Machiavelli to liberals such as Adam Smith to the critiquers of liberalism such as Marx. The modern branch studies range from social liberals such as Keynes to modern political economists whose works deal with a multitude of issues including foreign trade and globalization.
Short Description:
A Practicum in Behavioral Economics is a practice-based textbook covering the broad field of behavioral economics. Because behavioral economics is foremost a “test-and-learn” field of scientific inquiry that evolves according to experimental outcomes, so too should students test-and-learn. As such, the book’s primary goal is to help students experience behavioral economics through participation in the same experiments and games that serve as the foundations for, and shape the contours of, the field. With the help of this book students learn behavioral economics firsthand, and in the process create their own experiences. They learn about themselves – about how they make private and public choices under experimental conditions – at the same time as they learn about the field of behavioral economics itself.
Long Description:
The approach of this book is premised on a simple assumption: because behavioral economics is foremost a “test-and-learn” field of scientific inquiry that evolves according to experimental outcomes – and practical, policy-orientated applications of the knowledge garnered from these outcomes – so too should students test-and-learn the field itself. Studying and practicing behavioral economics should occur simultaneously, which in turn requires a practicum more than it does a traditionally styled textbook.
A Practicum in Behavioral Economics takes a new approach to the style of academic textbooks. Based upon the author’s personal teaching experiences over the past 25+ years, and feedback from peers and students, it is clear that traditional theory-based textbooks in behavioral economics insufficiently stimulate the student, and thereby fail to connect the student viscerally and meaningfully to what has become an enticing canon of economic thought, inquiry, and practice. Because it is a practice-based text, A Practicum in Behavioral Economics promotes active learning and engagement with the realities of behavioral economics in the moment, and encourages students to think like behavioral economists rather than just passively learn about the body of theoretical, experimental, and empirical work economists have produced. The student’s imagination is sparked, which in turn sparks group discussion and discernment.
The book consists of four sections that, taken together, portray in full the eclectic methodologies comprising the field of behavioral economics. Sections 1 and 2 present the thought and laboratory experiments that have formed a key pillar of the field. The thought experiments are, for the most part, re-castings of the simple cognitive tests devised by psychologists and economists over the past three-to-four decades to illustrate the fallacies, miscalculations, and biases that distinguish homo sapiens from homo economicus; experiments compiled in Daniel Kahneman’s 2011 bestseller Thinking, Fast and Slow. Similarly, the laboratory experiments are, for the most part, re-castings of the seminal experiments conducted by Kahneman and Tversky (among others) that help motivate the revised theories of human choice behavior, such as Tversky and Kahneman’s (1979) Prospect Theory, that form another pillar of behavioral economics. Alongside these experiments, Section 2 presents the revised theories of choice behavior with varying degrees of rigor.
Section 3 submerses the student in the world of behavioral game theory. Here, we follow the lead of Colin F. Camerer’s 2003 graduate-level textbook Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction and William Spaniel’s 2011 Game Theory 101: The Complete Textbook, first by characterizing the games analytically, i.e., identifying solution, or equilibrium, concepts that are predicted to result when members of homo economicus play the games, and then by discussing empirical results obtained from corresponding field experiments conducted with homo sapiens. It is within the context of these experiments that theories of social interaction are tested concerning inter alia trust and trustworthiness, honesty, fairness, reciprocity, and more. As with the thought and laboratory experiments presented in Sections 1 and 2, the classic games of iterative dominance and simultaneous moves presented in Section 3 are meant to be replicated with students as subjects and the instructor as experimenter, or researcher.
Finally, Section 4 wades into the vast sea of empirical research and choice architecture. Here students explore studies reporting on (1) the outcomes of actual policy nudges, some of which are featured in Richard H. Thaler and Cass Sunstein’s 2008 bestseller Nudge, (2) published studies based on analyses of secondary datasets that test for choice behavior consistent with the new theories of behavioral economics, and (3) published studies based on analyses of primary datasets obtained from novel field experiments to further test the revised theories. The main purpose of this section is not only to introduce the student to interesting empirical studies in behavioral economics, but also, in the process, to incubate in the student an abiding appreciation for the obscure settings that sometimes lend themselves to such study.
In the end, the content of A Practicum in Behavioral Economics is based upon sound pedagogical and scientific foundations that aim to support students in learning quickly and efficiently. The book promotes a practice-based approach, which is naturally consistent with the trial-and-error of everyday life. As a result, the approach goes beyond understanding and knowing. It requires using, applying, and acting. The method requires practice. It is this approach that is the most effective in teaching the many facets of behavioral economics to students.
Word Count: 145583
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Short Description:
Principles of Economics covers scope and sequence requirements for a two-semester introductory economics course. The authors take a balanced approach to micro- and macroeconomics, to both Keynesian and classical views, and to the theory and application of economics concepts. The text also includes many current examples, which are handled in a politically equitable way.
Long Description:
Principles of Microeconomics: Scarcity and Social Provisioning takes a pluralistic approach to the standard topics of an introductory microeconomics course. The text builds on the chiefly neoclassical material of the OpenStax Principles of Economics text, adding extensive content from heterodox economic thought. Emphasizing the importance of pluralism and critical thinking, the text presents the method and theory of neoclassical economics alongside critiques thereof and heterodox alternatives in both method and theory. This approach is taken from the outset of the text, where contrasting definitions of economics are discussed in the context of the various ways in which neoclassical and heterodox economists study the subject. The same approach–of theory and method, critique, and alternative theory theory and method–is taken in the study of consumption, production, and market exchange, as well as in the applied theory chapters. Historical and contemporary examples are given throughout, and both theory and application are presented with a balanced approach.
This textbook will be of interest especially to instructors and students who wish to go beyond the traditional approach to the fundamentals of microeconomic theory, and explore the wider spectrum of economic thought.
Instructors may contact Open Oregon Educational Resources for quiz question test banks associated with each chapter.
Word Count: 316070
ISBN: 978-1-63635-023-3
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Flat World Knowledge is thrilled to publish a first edition re-launch of Tim Tregarthen’s acclaimed Principles of Economics book, and proud to bring Tim's remarkable talents as a teacher to future generations of students.In 1996, Tim published the first edition of his principles of economics textbook to great acclaim, and it became widely used in colleges around the country. That same year, MS made him wheelchair-bound. The disease forced his retirement from teaching at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs in 1998. He lost the use of his arms in 2001 and has been quadriplegic ever since.Tim never let his disease get him down. In fact, he turned back to his love of writing and teaching for inspiration. He obtained a voice-activated computer, recruited a co-author, Libby Rittenberg of Colorado College, and turned his attention to revising his principles of economics book.Today we are excited to introduce Libby Rittenberg and Timothy Tregarthen’s Principles of Economics. The authors teach economics as the study of “choice “ by providing students with an accessible, straightforward overview of economics. This text combines the clarity and writing of Tregarthen's seminal periodical "The Margin" with great teaching insights.Rittenberg and Tregarthen help students to understand how real individuals actually work with economics. In this new book, the authors illustrate the practicality and relevance of economics with a variety of new illustrations and insights.The authors take a three-pronged approach to every concept: (1) the concept is covered with a “Heads Up” to ward off confusion, (2) a “You Try It” section makes sure students are staying on top of the concept and (3) a “Case and Point” section that uses a real-world application to harness the concept in reality. For one example of how this plays out in the text see "Chapter 3, Section 2 on Supply." hereThis book is intended for a two-semester course in economics taught out of the social sciences or business school.
Principles of Economics covers scope and sequence requirements for a two-semester introductory economics course. The authors take a balanced approach to micro- and macroeconomics, to both Keynesian and classical views, and to the theory and application of economics concepts. The text also includes many current examples, which are handled in a politically equitable way.
Principles of Economics covers scope and sequence requirements for a two-semester introductory economics course. The authors take a balanced approach to micro- and macroeconomics, to both Keynesian and classical views, and to the theory and application of economics concepts. The text also includes many current examples, which are handled in a politically equitable way.