Instructional Design (TOEFL Listening)

Teachers are lecturers, instructional designers, facilitators, and “team coordinators”; they also serve as a “monitoring and assessment specialist… where [they] monitor student performance and attempt to assess and improve student performance” (McGhee & Kozma, 2001, p. 3, p. 6). Students are collaborators, “self-learners” and “knowledge manager”, as suggested by McGhee and Kozma (2001, p. 2). These roles are supported by the technology and digital tools that permeate the learning environment and that are used throughout the learning process. Teachers and learners are also co-constructors of knowledge when they initiate meaningful dialogue to share knowledge and constantly reflect on the learning activity (National College for Teaching & Leadership, n.d.).