Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how changes to gene expression can cause cancerExplain how changes to gene expression at different levels can disrupt the cell cycleDiscuss how understanding regulation of gene expression can lead to better drug design

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growthUnderstand how proto-oncogenes are normal cell genes that, when mutated, become oncogenesDescribe how tumor suppressors functionExplain how mutant tumor suppressors cause cancer

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growthUnderstand how proto-oncogenes are normal cell genes that, when mutated, become oncogenesDescribe how tumor suppressors functionExplain how mutant tumor suppressors cause cancer

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomesDistinguish between chromosomes, genes, and traitsDescribe the mechanisms of chromosome compaction

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the three stages of interphaseDiscuss the behavior of chromosomes during karyokinesisExplain how the cytoplasmic content is divided during cytokinesisDefine the quiescent G0 phase

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the three stages of interphaseDiscuss the behavior of chromosomes during karyokinesisExplain how the cytoplasmic content is divided during cytokinesisDefine the quiescent G0 phase

The human body is composed of trillions of cells. Each cell has a life cycle, in the same way that all living things do. In this seminar you will explore and reflect on how eukaryotic cells (that is, cells with a nucleus) reproduce and make copies of themselves.Sometimes there can be mistakes in the copying process, which can lead to cancer. Part of this lesson will show how cancers can happen.Additionally, you will be challenged to create a model of the process to demonstrate your learning of this topic.

Drawings and animations, are used to help participants understand the differences between and steps involved in mitosis and meiosis. The cell cycle as well as individual steps of mitosis and meiosis are included in this learning material.

The human body is composed of trillions of cells. Each cell has a specific purpose to help carry out life. Many of these trillions of cells will wear out and need replaced. This essential process for life is called mitosis. In this seminar you will explore, compare, and reflect on how cells reproduce and make copies of themselves. Additionally, you will be challenged to create a model of the process based on your experience.StandardsBIO.B.1.1.1 Describe the events that occur during the cell cycle: interphase, nuclear division (i.e., mitosis or meiosis), cytokinesis.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Like a symphony, the earliest moments of life play out with incredible precision. Take the fruit fly embryo. Unlike a human embryo, where a single cell becomes many through repeated rounds of cell division, the early embryo of the fruit fly starts as a single nucleus that then divides into thousands of nuclei, all within the same cell. During these divisions, the nuclei must navigate through the embryo to highly specific locations before they become separated into the thousands of cells that will eventually develop into an adult fly. A new report in Cell describes how these nuclei steer themselves to where they need to be. To uncover the mechanisms that drive nuclear positioning and cell cycle synchronization, the team developed state-of-the-art imaging and computational tools to manipulate and track cell cycle and cytoskeletal dynamics in early embryogenesis. Additionally, the team used optogenetic methods to manipulate cytoskeletal contractility with spatial and temporal accuracy..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The trafficking of proteins into and out of the nucleus is central to cell function In fruit flies, the process also seems to determine the fate of neural stem cells in the larval central brain Neural stem cells are essential to neurogenesis, a two-step process in Drosophila The cells first form during embryogenesis At the end of neurogenesis, the cells divide terminally and exit the cell cycle, producing new neurons A build up of the protein Prospero in the nucleus initiates this exit But what causes this accumulation? Researchers report that Prospero uses RanGAP to shuttle across the nuclear envelope Eliminating RanGAP function doesn’t affect the nuclear import of Prospero, but rather its export out of the nucleus This suggests a drop in RanGAP levels could entrap Prospero in the nucleus, hinting that an intrinsic mechanism determines the fate of neural stem cells in Drosophila and perhaps other organisms as well Wu, D., et al..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Breast cancer accounts for more than 6% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide; the main cause of death being metastasis to other tissues. One factor that leads to this spread is breast cancer’s resistance to chemotherapy. A recent study reveals a molecular target that could curb the persistent progression of breast cancer. The protein RelB was observed to be overexpressed in human breast cancer tissue promoting cancer cell proliferation by decreasing normally programmed cell death and increasing cell mobility. Genetically switching RelB expression off dramatically reduced and even prevented breast tumor growth in mice. RelB’s cancer-promoting functions are linked to its activation of the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway, which helps sustain breast cancer metastasis under low-estrogen conditions. Targeting this under-examined pathway could be one way to prevent the spread of breast cancer cells and thereby boost anti-cancer therapies for millions of patients around the globe..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.