This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Since its appearance in late 2019, COVID-19 has caused well over one million deaths worldwide. Large-scale testing and contact tracing remain critical for controlling viral spread. Complying with the US CDC and WHO protocols for sample collection requires a ready supply of inexpensive swabs and collection reagents. Unfortunately, CDC-approved clinical-grade sampling supplies are expensive, and additionally, current methods prevent further analysis of the microbiome due to the presence of antibiotics in viral transport media. Researchers sought out new testing supplies in a recent study comparing five consumer-grade swabs and one clinical-grade swab. They found that using 95% ethanol instead of viral transfer media reduced RNase activity, preserving samples for microbiome analysis, and extracting directly from the swab head instead of the surrounding liquid resulted in 2-4x higher RNA recovery than the clinical standard..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

In this presentation, we will talk about diagnosis of bacteria and chronic infections in clinical practices. We will discuss why we need to diagnose bacteria in infections and what the biggest challenges are in diagnosing bacterial and chronic infections. Finally, we will discuss what the future will bring, regarding bacteria and diagnosis.

In this presentation, we will introduce the student to diagnosis of chronic infections. Diagnosing chronic infections is just as complicated as treating these infections. In continuation of this, we will talk about the three main issues when diagnosing chronic infections and share some experiences we have within this area.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 3-5% of the global population While diagnosis is an important first step to accessing proper care ADHD often goes undiagnosed or undertreated, including in the UK To understand why that might be, researchers interviewed general practitioners (GPs) and patients across the country The team discovered several barriers, including the sheer complexity of pathways to care lack of services limited GP recognition and knowledge of ADHD and communication difficulties among GPs and patients The findings suggest that GPs might be ill equipped to identify and manage ADHD in primary care And they highlight areas of improvement specific to the UK healthcare system For their part, the team has devised an educational resource to enhance understanding of ADHD, accessible at www.adhdinfo.org..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This course teaches the design of contemporary information systems for biological and medical data. Examples are chosen from biology and medicine to illustrate complete life cycle information systems, beginning with data acquisition, following to data storage and finally to retrieval and analysis. Design of appropriate databases, client-server strategies, data interchange protocols, and computational modeling architectures. Students are expected to have some familiarity with scientific application software and a basic understanding of at least one contemporary programming language (e.g. C, C++, Java, Lisp, Perl, Python). A major term project is required of all students. This subject is open to motivated seniors having a strong interest in biomedical engineering and information system design with the ability to carry out a significant independent project.
This course was offered as part of the Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA) program as course number SMA 5304.

This course presents the fundamentals of digital signal processing with particular emphasis on problems in biomedical research and clinical medicine. It covers principles and algorithms for processing both deterministic and random signals. Topics include data acquisition, imaging, filtering, coding, feature extraction, and modeling. The focus of the course is a series of labs that provide practical experience in processing physiological data, with examples from cardiology, speech processing, and medical imaging. The labs are done in MATLAB® during weekly lab sessions that take place in an electronic classroom. Lectures cover signal processing topics relevant to the lab exercises, as well as background on the biological signals processed in the labs.

This task was developed by high school and postsecondary mathematics and health sciences educators, and validated by content experts in the Common Core State Standards in mathematics and the National Career Clusters Knowledge & Skills Statements. It was developed with the purpose of demonstrating how the Common Core and CTE Knowledge & Skills Statements can be integrated into classroom learning - and to provide classroom teachers with a truly authentic task for either mathematics or CTE courses.

Students demonstrate the erythrocyte sedimentation rate test (ESR test) using a blood model composed of tomato juice, petroleum jelly and olive oil. They simulate different disease conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, anemia, leukocytosis and sickle-cell anemia, by making appropriate variations in the particle as well as in the fluid matrix. Students measure the ESR for each sample blood model, correlate the ESR values with disease conditions and confirm that diseases alter blood composition and properties. During the activity, students learn that when non-coagulated blood is let to stand in a tube, the red blood cells separate and fall to the bottom of the tube, resulting in a sediment and a clear liquid called serum. The height in millimeters of the clear liquid on top of the sediment in a time period of one hour is taken as the sedimentation rate. If a disease is present, this ESR value deviates from the normal, disease-free value. Different diseases cause different ESR values because blood composition and properties, such as density and viscosity, are altered differently by different diseases. Thus, the ESR test serves as a real-world diagnostic screening test to identify indications of the presence of any diseases in people.

Building on concepts taught in the associated lesson, students learn about bioelectricity, electrical circuits and biology as they use deductive and analytical thinking skills in connection with an engineering education. Students interact with a rudimentary electrocardiograph circuit (made by the teacher) and examine the simplicity of the device. They get to see their own cardiac signals and test the device themselves. During the second part of the activity, a series of worksheets, students examine different EKG print-outs and look for irregularities, as is done for heart disease detection.

A diagnostic test is an objective method of deciding whether an animal has a disease, or not. Decisions made following diagnostic testing are usually dichotomous e.g. treat or do not treat the animal, therefore diagnostic tests are usually interpreted as dichotomous outcomes (diseased or non-diseased). In this case, if a diagnostic test is measuring a continuous outcome e.g. antibody titre then a cut-off for classifying animal’s as positive or negative must be selected. The figure below shows that whereever the cut-off is selected there is usually some overlap between results i.e. some diseased animals will have the same value as non-diseased animals and resulting in some false-positive and false-negative results.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Congenital heart defects affect approximately 1% of all babies born each year and account for almost 20% of all newborn deaths. Early diagnosis while still in the womb can greatly improve an affected baby’s chance of survival. Unfortunately, diagnosis relies exclusively on ultrasound imaging, where accurate readings aren’t guaranteed. Researchers in Japan are tackling this problem by enlisting the help of artificial intelligence. More importantly, they’re helping the doctors entrusted with patient care to understand how AI programs spot heart defects. Advancements in artificial intelligence have improved how congenital heart defects are diagnosed. Ultrasound videos of fetal hearts beating normally and others with structural defects can be studied with AI, which can then determine whether the fetal hearts in new videos are abnormal or not..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Abnormal Psychology is an Open Education Resource written by Alexis Bridley, Ph.D. and Lee W. Daffin Jr., Ph.D. through Washington State University. The book tackles the difficult topic of mental disorders in 15 modules. This journey starts by discussing what abnormal behavior is by attempting to understand what normal behavior is. Models of abnormal psychology and clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment are then discussed. With these three modules completed, the authors next explore several classes of mental disorders in 5 blocks. Block 1 covers mood, trauma and stressor related, and dissociative disorders. Block 2 covers anxiety, somatic symptom, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Block 3 covers eating and substance-related and addictive disorders. Block 4 tackles schizophrenia spectrum and personality disorders. Finally, Block 5 investigates neurocognitive disorders and then ends with a discussion of contemporary issues in psychopathology. Disorders are covered by discussing their clinical presentation and DSM Criteria, epidemiology, comorbidity, etiology, and treatment options.

This resource provides access to the Northern Academy's Introduction to Mental Health course for child welfare social workers. If you would like to learn more about the Northern Academy and courses offered, please visit the Academy website at www.humanservices.ucdavis.edu/academy.

This course introduces students to machine learning in healthcare, including the nature of clinical data and the use of machine learning for risk stratification, disease progression modeling, precision medicine, diagnosis, subtype discovery, and improving clinical workflows.

This course provides an intensive introduction to artificial intelligence and its applications to problems of medical diagnosis, therapy selection, and monitoring and learning from databases. It meets with lectures and recitations of 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, whose material is supplemented by additional medical-specific readings in a weekly discussion session. Students are responsible for completing all homework assignments in 6.034 and for additional problems and/or papers.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Whether it be MRI, CT, or PET scans, nearly every cancer patient undergoes some form of imaging. These images provide important information about the location and stage of tumor growth and can, therefore, inform treatment strategies. But recent advances in Artificial Intelligence make it possible to mine these images for even more data. This emerging field, called ‘radiomics’ aims to utilize the full potential of medical images by extracting high-dimensional data to objectively characterize and monitor individual tumors. Many current cancer-detection and diagnostic techniques rely on invasive approaches such as tissue biopsies. But these practices have both high risk and high cost. Radiomics, on the other hand, offers a promising method to gather important information about tumors -- such as size, shape, and texture -- in a non-invasive and often cost-effective manner..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A recent study published in the British Journal of Nutrition suggests that enterolactone, an estrogen-like compound formed by the breakdown of whole grains and other plant-based foods by gut bacteria, could protect against the risk of death due to colorectal cancer—at least, for women. For men, just the opposite could be true: high concentrations of the compound might actually increase that risk. The findings, published as part of a special issue on nutrition and cancer, point to a potentially significant link between diet and survival after colorectal cancer that warrants a much closer look by researchers. The authors of the study reached those conclusions by examining data from the “Diet, Cancer and Health” study, an ongoing cohort study of older men and women in Denmark. Specifically, they compared the death outcomes of people with varying levels of enterolactone in their blood plasma, before being diagnosed with colorectal cancer..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly brain cancer that affects both adults and children. GBM remains mostly incurable because of the nonuniform nature of GBM cells and the numerous mechanisms involved. However, noncoding RNA molecules called circular RNAs (circRNAs) may be valuable targets for GBM treatment, because these molecules can promote or suppress cancer-related processes like cell proliferation, cell death, invasion, and chemoresistance. For example, various circRNAs can regulate pathways that are dysregulated in GBM, such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and MAPK pathways. Other circRNAs can positively or negatively regulate tumor blood supply establishment and metastasis to influence GBM progression. CircRNAs are stable and present in numerous body fluids, and some are associated with tumor grade and outcomes, making them promising biomarkers. In addition, silencing or overexpressing certain circRNAs in patients may help treat GBM or improve patients’ responses to other treatments..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advancements in HCC diagnosis and treatment, current staging systems lack specificity and can’t easily predict patient survival. Researchers now report a new prognostic and diagnostic approach based on tracking genes that control iron metabolism in the body. Iron is critical for normal cell metabolism, growth, and proliferation. That goes extra for tumor cells, which have an increased demand for iron. But too much iron can lead to cell death—a process known as “ferroptosis”—which some researchers are harnessing to eliminate harmful cancer cells. In the current study, researchers used high-throughput sequencing to identify genes associated with iron metabolism and ferroptosis in patients with HCC. Based on four genes, patients could be divided into a low-risk group and a high-risk group with poorer overall survival and HCC samples could be distinguished from normal samples..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This course provides a comprehensive overview of human pathology with emphasis on mechanisms of disease and diagnostic medicine. Topics include:

Cellular Mechanisms of Disease
Molecular Pathology
Pathology of Major Organ Systems
Review of Diagnostic Tools from Traditional Surgical Pathology to Diagnostic Spectroscopy
Functional and Molecular Imaging
Molecular Diagnostics

In addition to lectures, one of the two weekly sessions includes a 2-3 hour laboratory component. Periodically, time will also be devoted to minicases.
Lecturers
Prof. Jon Aster, Prof. Frederick Bieber, Prof. Carlo Brugnara, Prof. Robert B. Colvin, Prof. Christopher Crum , Prof. Douglas Dockery, Prof. Mel Feany, Prof. Michael Feld, Prof. Jonathan Fletcher, Prof. Michael Gimbrone, Prof. Todd Golub, Prof. Frank B. Hu, Prof. Donald Ingber, Prof. Hart Lidov, Prof. David Louis, Prof. Richard Mitchell, Prof. Fiona Murray, Prof. Mark Redston, Prof. Helmut Rennke, Prof. Bruce Rosen, Prof. Frederick Schoen, Prof. Christine Seidman