This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Increasing evidence links dietary fiber consumption to a reduced incidence of obesity-related diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. That’s especially true of fermentable fibers like arabinoxylan, which is derived from whole grains and cereals like corn and stimulates the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. But in clinical studies, the benefits appear to vary between individuals. To understand what drives that variability, researchers recently tested the effects of arabinoxylan versus microcrystalline cellulose (a non-fermentable fiber control) on the communities of microbes colonizing the guts of 31 adults with overweight and obesity. Over 6 weeks, arabinoxylan significantly altered the makeup of the fecal bacteria community and increased fecal concentrations of propionate, a short chain fatty acid linked to beneficial effects on metabolism and the immune system..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Nutrient-poor diets can increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, and diets poor in fiber are widespread, especially in industrialized nations. However, whether fiber deficiency—which alters the gut microbiota—impairs cognition through the gut–brain axis remains unclear. To find out, researchers recently analyzed mice fed a fiber-deficient diet for 15 weeks. Compared to normal mice, the fiber-deficient mice exhibited cognitive impairment and were unable to complete typical activities like nest organization. In addition, the synapses in the brain area regulating cognitive function were damaged, and neuroinflammation occurred. Immune cells called microglia (indicated by Iba1) engulfed synapses (indicated by PSD-95) in the fiber-deficient mice. Furthermore, the fiber-deficient mice exhibited gut microbiota disruption that was associated with, and possibly responsible for, the cognitive deficits..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Dietary fiber is an important part of a healthy diet, but how it interacts with our gut microbiome and the mechanisms underlying its benefits are poorly understood in humans. A recent exploratory trial examined how two structurally distinct purified fibers affected adults with excess weight. One of the dietary fibers, arabinoxylan (AX), was fermentable by the microbiome, while the second, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), was not fermentable. An innovative technique called biorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) was also used to identify specific microbes involved in AX fermentation. AX supplementation increased satiety after a meal compared to non-fermentable MCC. Using machine learning models, these effects on satiety could be predicted by BONCAT identified microbes that fermented AX. AX also attenuated insulin resistance relative to MCC, but the effects were not linked to the microbiome..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Briefly cover all major nutritional and processing aspects of flaxseeds. These seeds are considered wonder crops owing to their nutritional profile.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The intestinal epithelium constantly regenerates to maintain its barrier function, so intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are crucial to a healthy gut. Diet affects ISC activity both directly, by providing energy and metabolic substrates, and indirectly, by altering the gut microbiota, which can modulate inflammation and change epithelial structure. Gut microbes rely on dietary fiber as their main energy source, and specifically, soluble fiber is required for the production of microbiota-derived metabolites such as vitamins. Studies have shown benefits of soluble fiber consumption, but not all types of soluble fiber are well tolerated, and it's unclear which effects are direct (acting on ISCs) versus indirect (acting on the microbiota). To find out, researchers used mouse models, histochemistry, host-cell transcriptomics, and 16S microbiome analysis to examine the effects of the soluble fiber inulin on the gut..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Human microbiomes are diverse and dynamic communities of bacteria, which play a critical role in many aspects of human health, including the breakdown of the food we eat. Research has shown that dietary fermentable fiber generally improves cardiometabolic health. However, past studies have found the response to specific interventions has significant variation between individuals. This variation likely has multiple causes, but the role of gut microbial metabolism has not yet been explored. To test this, researchers colonized germ free (GF) mice with distinct, complex microbial communities and then fed them one of four diets. Each microbiome remained distinct under all diets, but the different diets led to variations in richness and taxon abundance in both microbiomes. Epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic analyses showed diet-directed differences between the communities, including changes in metabolic pathways associated with health..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Maintaining mental health during future deep-space exploration is a serious and complicated problem. Such exploration will require people to remain in closed environments for incredibly long periods. But connections between our gut microbes, the gut itself, and our brain could hold new solutions. Research has suggested that influences can travel along this microbiota-gut-brain axis. So, to identify potential mood-boosting microbes in an enclosed environment, researchers turned to the Lunar Palace 365 experiment, where the Lunar Palace 1, a closed bioregenerative life support facility, housed people for a year. The researchers identified four potential “psychobiotics” that corresponded with mental well-being, as well as three possible mechanisms for the improved mood. First, these microbes may be fermenting dietary fibers to produce short-chain fatty acids. Second, they may regulate amino acid metabolism pathways, including the one that converts tryptophan to serotonin..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intestinal autoimmune condition that includes both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. It’s becoming increasingly common, but treatment is difficult, in part because the exact mechanism is unclear. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced when gut bacteria break down dietary fiber, may help prevent and treat this intractable disease. Reduced gut levels of SCFAs and SFCA-producing bacteria are linked to IBD development, suggesting the importance of these metabolites in IBD prevention, and SCFAs can alleviate IBD processes in multiple ways. For example, they can fight intestinal inflammation by activating G protein-coupled receptor proteins and inhibiting histone deacetylase enzymes, as well as by suppressing innate immune responses. SCFAs can also promote intestinal barrier integrity by regulating networks of cytokine molecules..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"While indigestible to us, dietary fiber feeds the trillions of microbes that inhabit our gastrointestinal tract. So low fiber in the diet can spell trouble for gut health. To clarify the effects of low fiber, researchers monitored microbial communities in pigs fed a fiber-free diet. The similarity between humans and pigs in terms of gut ecosystem and fiber breakdown makes pigs a useful model for studying fiber intake. Within 1 week, fiber deprivation led to the gradual extinction of “good” bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are found in certain fermented foods. A diet rich in xylan, a natural plant fiber, was found to promote gut balance versus a fiber-free diet, largely by promoting the gut-friendly bacterium Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and boosting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which fuel microbial activity..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.