This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack, can cause long-term damage that leads to heart failure. To treat this type of heart failure, it’s critical to heal the pathological structural changes in the heart and preserve cardiac function. A recent study investigated potential treatment targets by exploring the role of the enzyme ADAM17, whose levels are increased during MI. In a group of 152 patients with MI, high ADAM17 levels were associated with a greater incidence of subsequent heart failure, as well as poorer heart function and higher mortality, suggesting a negative role of ADAM17. In mice with MI, elevated ADAM17 levels were linked to heart damage, but blocking ADAM17 activity limited the cardiac damage and remodeling after MI. Experiments in cultured heart cells revealed that ADAM17 exerted its harmful effects by promoting loss of the cardioprotective enzyme ACE2 and that the activation of ADAM17 depended on modification of a specific site in the protein p38 MAPK..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the structure of the heart and explain how cardiac muscle is different from other musclesDescribe the cardiac cycleExplain the structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries, and how blood flows through the body

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the structure of the heart and explain how cardiac muscle is different from other musclesDescribe the cardiac cycleExplain the structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries, and how blood flows through the body

Following the steps of the engineering design process and acting as biomedical engineers, student teams use everyday materials to design and develop devices and approaches to unclog blood vessels. Through this open-ended design project, they learn about the circulatory system, biomedical engineering, and conditions that lead to heart attacks and strokes.

Introduces situational vocabulary to ESL students. This activity contains a roleplay and exercises to teach students to convey an emergency situation in English.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Coronary heart disease is a serious condition, and its prognosis is largely determined by the degree of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. MI/R injury occurs when blood returns to cardiac tissues and is partly a function of calcium overload and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. There is growing evidence that estrogen is protective against MI/R injury and a recent study examined the potential mechanisms of this protective effect in rats and cultured cells. Reducing estrogen levels by removing both ovaries exacerbated MI/R injury and reduced levels of SERCA2a, a critical calcium ion pump, but SERCA2a could be increased to nearly normal levels by estrogen supplementation (17β-estradiol). Both supplemental estrogen and exogenous SERCA2a overexpression decreased signs of ER stress and alleviated myocardial damage. Conversely, reducing SERCA2a expression exacerbated ER stress and myocardial damage, and adding estrogen after that reduction could not protect against the damage or ER stress..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A recent study published in the journal Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity suggests that the molecule hydrogen sulfide can help mitigate sarcopenia, a disease characterized by decreased muscle loss and function that often leads to disability in patients with diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is one of the biggest health and development challenges of the 21st century. Currently, 366 million people live with type 2 diabetes, and another 280 million are at high risk. By 2030, those numbers are expected to double. Diabetes is characterized by the body’s ineffective use of insulin and largely results from excess body weight and physical inactivity. Several diseases are associated with diabetes, including high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, and sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by muscle loss and dysfunction leading to disability in patients with diabetes. It’s well known that the symptoms associated with the development of sarcopenia can potentially be mitigated by hydrogen sulfide..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Heart attacks are dangerous events that lead to a massive loss of heart cells, called cardiomyocytes. The catastrophic damage can be treated by generating cardiomyocytes from stem cells and transplanting them into the heart. The stem cells can then proliferate in the space before becoming new cardiomyocytes by differentiating and maturing. But little is known about how macrophages from the injury site impact stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. To learn more, researchers cultured these stem cells, called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), with macrophages of several subtypes. Macrophages start in a non-polarized phenotype (M0) and then can polarize between pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. The pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype macrophages were likely to be found at the injury site, and they inhibited iPSC differentiation and maturation..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Psychology is designed to meet scope and sequence requirements for the single-semester introduction to psychology course. The book offers a comprehensive treatment of core concepts, grounded in both classic studies and current and emerging research. The text also includes coverage of the DSM-5 in examinations of psychological disorders. Psychology incorporates discussions that reflect the diversity within the discipline, as well as the diversity of cultures and communities across the globe.Senior Contributing AuthorsRose M. Spielman, Formerly of Quinnipiac UniversityContributing AuthorsKathryn Dumper, Bainbridge State CollegeWilliam Jenkins, Mercer UniversityArlene Lacombe, Saint Joseph's UniversityMarilyn Lovett, Livingstone CollegeMarion Perlmutter, University of Michigan

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain the nature of psychophysiological disordersDescribe the immune system and how stress impacts its functioningDescribe how stress and emotional factors can lead to the development and exacerbation of cardiovascular disorders, asthma, and tension headaches

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Cardiac fibrosis is tissue scarring that typically follows a heart attack. Growing evidence suggests that this scarring process is mediated by RGS proteins, multifunctional regulators of cell signaling. To better understand how, researchers examined the effects of RGS4, both on in vitro and in vivo models of heart attack. All models showed elevated levels of RGS4, linking the protein to cardiac fibrosis. Silencing RGS4 through RNA interference proved capable of reducing cardiac fibrosis in vitro and in mice. But when overexpressed, RGS4 could counteract the protective effects of choline, a nutrient found in meat that has been shown to reduce cardiac fibrosis. Further experiments revealed that RGS4 exerts its pro-cardiac fibrosis effects through TGFβ1/Smad and MAPK signaling. Future studies will examine how RGS4 interacts with similar proteins to cause cardiac fibrosis, which could lead to new ways of combating the harmful after-effects of heart attack..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Heart attacks, or myocardial infarctions, are a major cause of death globally and can leave survivors with severe, lingering symptoms. Exercise is a key rehabilitation tool, but exactly how it helps patients recover is not yet known. The microbes in our gut directly impact our health in other ways, but could they play a role in exercise-related recovery after heart attacks? To test this possibility, a team of researchers used a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). First, they demonstrated that exercise training reduced cardiac dysfunction after MI and that exercise after MI altered the gut microbial richness and community structure. Depleting the microbiota prior to MI blocked the protective effects of exercise, suggesting that the benefits were dependent upon the microbiota. Further, transplanting the gut microbiota from exercised post-MI mice conferred cardiac benefits to recipient mice..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack, is a common but serious cardiac emergency. The severity and mortality of MI are related to overactivation of immune cells called neutrophils. Specifically, excessive activation of a process called neutrophil degranulation appears to impair MI recovery. During degranulation, molecules that can help fight pathogens and repair tissue damage are released from cytoplasmic granules. This is normally beneficial, but too much degranulation can aggravate MI-related injury. Four main types of granules are released: primary/azurophilic, secondary/specific, tertiary/gelatinase, and secretory granules. These granule types are synthesized and released at different times and contain different mixtures of molecules. For example, primary granules contain the enzyme MPO, excess levels of which can impair ventricular healing and function after MI, while secondary granules contain NGAL, which can increase the risk of plaque formation and promote inflammation and fibrosis..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.