Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Identify major viral illnesses that affect humansCompare vaccinations and anti-viral drugs as medical approaches to viruses

During Fall 2021, all MIT students and the general public are welcome to join Professors Richard Young and Facundo Batista as they discuss the science of the COVID-19 pandemic. The livestream of the lectures is available to the public, but only registered students are able to ask questions during the Q&A.
Lectures will be given by leading experts on the fundamentals of coronavirus and host cell biology, immunology, epidemiology, clinical disease, and vaccine and therapeutic development. Guest faculty include Amy Barczak, Dan Barouch, Arup Chakraborty, Victoria Clark, Shane Crotty, Anthony Fauci, Britt Glaunsinger, Salim Karim, Shiv Pillai, Rochelle Walensky, Bruce Walker, Laura Walker, and Andrew Ward.

During Fall 2020, all MIT students and the general public were welcomed to join Professors Richard Young and Facundo Batista as they discussed the science of the pandemic during this new class. The livestream of the lectures was available to the public, but only registered students were able to ask questions during the Q&A. 
Special guest speakers included: Drs. Anthony Fauci, David Baltimore, James Bradner, Victoria Clark, Kizzmekia Corbett, Britt Glaunsinger, Akiko Iwasaki, Eric Lander, Michael Mina, Michel Nussenzweig, Shiv Pillai, Arlene Sharpe, Skip Virgin, and Bruce Walker.
NOTE: This class ran from September 1, 2020 through December 8, 2020.

The MIT Biology Department core courses, 7.012, 7.013, and 7.014, all cover the same core material, which includes the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. Biological function at the molecular level is particularly emphasized and covers the structure and regulation of genes, as well as, the structure and synthesis of proteins, how these molecules are integrated into cells, and how these cells are integrated into multicellular systems and organisms. In addition, each version of the subject has its own distinctive material.
7.012 focuses on the exploration of current research in cell biology, immunology, neurobiology, genomics, and molecular medicine.
Acknowledgments
The study materials, problem sets, and quiz materials used during Fall 2004 for 7.012 include contributions from past instructors, teaching assistants, and other members of the MIT Biology Department affiliated with course #7.012. Since the following works have evolved over a period of many years, no single source can be attributed.

The MIT Biology Department core Introductory Biology courses, 7.012, 7.013, 7.014, 7.015, and 7.016 all cover the same core material, which includes the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. The focus of 7.013 is on genomic approaches to human biology, including neuroscience, development, immunology, tissue repair and stem cells, tissue engineering, and infectious and inherited diseases, including cancer.

The MIT Biology Department core courses, 7.012, 7.013, and 7.014, all cover the same core material, which includes the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. 7.013 focuses on the application of the fundamental principles toward an understanding of human biology. Topics include genetics, cell biology, molecular biology, disease (infectious agents, inherited diseases and cancer), developmental biology, neurobiology and evolution.
Biological function at the molecular level is particularly emphasized in all courses and covers the structure and regulation of genes, as well as, the structure and synthesis of proteins, how these molecules are integrated into cells, and how these cells are integrated into multicellular systems and organisms. In addition, each version of the subject has its own distinctive material.

The MIT Biology Department core courses, 7.012, 7.013, and 7.014, all cover the same core material, which includes the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. Biological function at the molecular level is particularly emphasized and covers the structure and regulation of genes, as well as, the structure and synthesis of proteins, how these molecules are integrated into cells, and how these cells are integrated into multicellular systems and organisms. In addition, each version of the subject has its own distinctive material.
7.014 focuses on the application of these fundamental principles, toward an understanding of microorganisms as geochemical agents responsible for the evolution and renewal of the biosphere and of their role in human health and disease.
Acknowledgements
The study materials, problem sets, and quiz materials used during Spring 2005 for 7.014 include contributions from past instructors, teaching assistants, and other members of the MIT Biology Department affiliated with course 7.014. Since the following works have evolved over a period of many years, no single source can be attributed.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Researchers are combining tumor-killing viruses with immune-boosting drugs to mark otherwise stealthy tumors for death In their recent study, the researchers grafted human melanoma tumors onto the left and right flanks of mice Right-side tumors were injected with ONCOS-102, viruses genetically modified to eradicate melanoma cells Left-side tumors were left untreated The team then injected mice with pembrolizumab, a checkpoint inhibitor Checkpoint inhibitors block cloaking proteins on tumor or T cells that normally let them slip past immune cells These powerful drugs turn “cold” tumors “hot” on immune cells’ radar Shrunken left-side tumors proved that this 1-2 combination could cripple tumors at a distance— an effect amplified by delivering ONCOS-102 and pembrolizumab at the same time Now, in order to prove the efficacy of ONCOS-102 combined with pembrolizumab in humans, a Phase I clinical study is ongoing (NCT03003676) Researchers are exploring how to make this killer combi.."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This is an interactive learning adventure for middle school students and has accompanying classroom activities and magazines. In this challenge, students will perform experiments to identify the germ responsible for a fungal disease. Students will follow rules or postulates worked out by Dr. Koch in the late 1800s for establishing whether a specific germ causes a particular infectious disease: 1. The suspected pathogen must be present in every case of the disease; 2. The suspected pathogen must be isolated from the host and grown in pure culture; 3. The disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the suspected pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host; 4. The same pathogen must be recovered from the newly infected host. The Germ Theory of Disease holds that germs or microorganisms cause infectious diseases. Funded through the National Center for Research Resources and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

This is an interactive learning adventure for middle school students and has accompanying classroom activities and magazines. In Mission Three: Nemesis in Neuropolis, students learn about viruses and vaccines while investigating a smallpox case.

This book was created for upper division microbiology students studying virology. It will describe the molecular biology and major diseases of virus families that cause significant disease in animals and humans. This book is by no means meant to be exhaustive. In fact, because virology can be so overwhelming, the author has tried to keep the book as simple as possible, while still giving the reader a solid understanding of the molecular mechanisms of viral replication and pathogenesis.

Ce support pédagogique de base en virologie vise des publics étudiants universitaires très différents (bioingénieurs, biologistes, médecins, pharmaciens, vétérinaires) et a pour objectif d’initier une approche convergente et concertée dans l'enseignement de la virologie.

Table des matières :
I. Généralités sur les virus (Qu’est-ce qu’un virus? Comment les virus évoluent-ils? Pourquoi tant de diversité parmi les virus?).

II. Interaction virus-cellule (L’objectif de ce chapitre est de présenter les différents niveaux d’interaction entre le virus et l’hôte et d’illustrer les conséquences de ces interactions).

III. Transmission et épidémiologie (Pour bien comprendre le développement des maladies virales, il est d’abord essentiel de
comprendre les modes de transmission des virus, ensuite le comportement du virus dans son hôte et finalement son comportement au niveau des populations humaines, animales et végétales).

IV. Diagnostic viral (Vous trouverez ici les principes du diagnostic viral ainsi qu’un aperçu des différentes techniques utilisées.)

V. Exemples choisis
Dans ce chapitre, certaines infections virales ont été détaillées, comme exemples d’un type de travail qui peut être fait. Nous encourageons les étudiants à développer de tels travaux pour des virus choisis.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"With the global health crisis of COVID-19 having widespread effects on economies and communities, understanding environmental factors that affect the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 is critical. Following up on a previous study demonstrating that removing shoes indoors may lower the COVID-19 mortality rate, researchers in Japan evaluated the correlation of a unique metric with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Tatami is a type of straw mat used for flooring in traditional Japanese-style rooms. Because people customarily remove their shoes before entering tatami rooms researchers used the density of tatami stores in a locale as a proxy for the cultural practice of shoe removal. They found that while COVID-19 morbidity and mortality increased with population density there was a negative correlation between the number of tatami stores per 100,000 people – and therefore the likelihood of shoe removal – and the number of COVID-19 cases ..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Researchers have zeroed in on the neural structures most vulnerable to Zika virus. Given the devastating neurological effects linked to the virus, their findings could go a long way toward explaining how Zika first takes hold of its host—namely, the developing human fetus. In their study, published in the journal _Acta Neuropathologica Communications_, the researchers infected different types of neural cells extracted from mouse embryos. Because it was unclear which part of the nervous system Zika is most likely to attack, they collected cells from both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, a catch-all for nerves lying beyond the brain and spinal cord. And to help ensure they could see the virus in action, for each normal cell they gathered, they also gathered a less defensive one deliberately lacking a virus-fighting immune response. After a few days, some cells had clearly fared better than others..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Solid organ transplant recipients need immunosuppressive therapy for the rest of their lives and have more distinct virus populations in their microbiome than people without suppressed immune systems. But we do not yet know if, or how much, the donor’s virome impacts the recipient’s virome, particularly in parts of the body other than the transplanted organ. To narrow this gap, a recent study applied a data modeling approach to the viral communities in the airway and plasma of lung transplant recipients. Differences between plasma and airway viromes increased during the first year after implantation, but the viromes from the same body site and in different patients became more similar over time. Time after transplantation was significantly associated with virome composition variance for airway samples but not plasma samples..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A new preprint reports one factor that might contribute to the deadliness of the COVID-19 pandemic: wearing shoes indoors. Researchers compared COVID-19 death rates between countries that follow the cultural practice of removing shoes indoors and those that do not and observed a distinct pattern. Those where removing shoes is customary showed a lower death rate on average. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed when countries were compared according to the number of COVID-19 cases. It could be that the lack of reliable, universal testing may obscure the true prevalence of the disease. More work is still needed to discount a number of confounding factors, such as differences in preventive measures enacted by different countries, but the correlation suggests that removing shoes indoors might help curb the devastation wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.