In this second module, students will continue to develop their ability to closely read text while studying the theme of taking a stand. During the first half of Unit 1, students will read two speeches reflecting examples of real people taking a stand. By reading these speeches they will build background knowledge about the module’s overarching theme, engage in a study of the speaker’s perspective, and analyze the craft of forming an argument. In the second half of Unit 1, students will read Part 1 ofTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and continue to study the theme of taking a stand as it is revealed in the novel. Students will engage in a character study of Atticus by analyzing his actions and words, and what others say about him, to better understand him as a character. This analysis will provide details and evidence for students to use in their end of Unit 2 argument essay. In addition to reading and studying the text, students will view excerpts of the To Kill a Mockingbird film that strongly convey the novel’s themes, and they will analyze how the film remains true to the original text as well as how it veers from the original.

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In this module, students analyze arguments and the evidence used to support arguments to determine whether sufficient evidence has been used and whether the evidence is relevant in support of the claim an author or speaker is making. They then research to gather evidence to make their own spoken and written arguments. Students will read Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma (930L), a literary non-fiction text about where food comes from and about making decisions about what food to buy and eat. They build background knowledge about what happens to food before it gets to the consumer, and the different choices the consumer can make when buying food while analyzing Michael Pollan’s arguments and the evidence he uses to support his claims. In Unit 2, students engage in a robust research project in which they further investigate the consequences of each of the food chains and the stakeholders affected in those food chains. To help students grapple with this issue, they use a decision-making process called “Stakeholder Consequences Decision-Making” (see the end of this document for details). This process will help students understand the implications of various choices, and will scaffold their ability to determine, based on evidence and their own values, to take a position on which food chain they would choose if they were trying to feed everyone in the US. Students finish the module by writing a position paper explaining which of Michael Pollan’s food chain they would choose to feed the US and why, and creating a poster stating their position. This task addresses NYSP12 ELA Standards RI.8.1,W.8.1, W.8.1a, W.8.1b, W.8.1c, W.8.1d, W.8.1e and W.8.9.

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This inquiry by Amy Johnson, Longview Public Schools, is based on the C3 Framework inquiry arc. Students will look at multiple points of view on an assigned Intolerable Act. After researching primary sources, student will create a newspaper using BEST evidence from their sources that answers the question, "Why would this event the colonists to revolt?"

In this lesson, students will read and analyze "The Interlopers" by Saki (H. H. Munro). Lesson 1 from the Author's Craft unit focuses primarily on character. Students will examine how the motivations of Georg and Ulrich drive the plot, develop the theme, and enhance the irony. The lesson requires student to collect evidence, discuss, and complete a writing assignment. It also offers additional stories to extend the lesson. Image source: "Forest" by flo222 on Pixabay.com.

In this lesson students will read and analyze “The Flowers” by Alice Walker. Lesson 2 from the Author’s Craft unit focuses on diction.  Students will examine how Walker’s word choice creates tonal shifts in the story that support the theme. The lesson requires student to collect evidence, discuss, and complete a writing assignment in which they continue the story while using diction to maintain the tone. Image source:  "Rose" by Kapa65 on Pixabay.com.

In this module, students will read, discuss, and analyze contemporary and classic texts, focusing on how complex characters develop through interactions with one another and how authors structure text to accomplish that development. There will be a strong emphasis on reading closely and responding to text dependent questions, annotating text, and developing academic vocabulary in context.

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In this module, students engage with literature and nonfiction texts that develop central ideas of guilt, obsession, and madness, among others. Building on work with evidence-based analysis and debate in Module 1, students will produce evidence-based claims to analyze the development of central ideas and text structure. Students will develop and strengthen their writing by revising and editing, and refine their speaking and listening skills through discussion-based assessments.

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In Module 9.3, students engage in an inquiry-based, iterative process for research. Building on work with evidence-based analysis in Modules 9.1 and 9.2, students explore topics of interest, gather research, and generate an evidence-based perspective to ultimately write an informative/explanatory research paper that synthesizes and articulates their findings. Students use textual analysis to surface potential topics for research, and develop and strengthen their writing by revising and editing.

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Another in the "bobalition" series of broadsides parodying the manners, illiteracy, and dialect of Boston blacks. (See no. 1819-2.) The illustration shows a black militia troop marching from left to right. The text, facetiously dated "Bosson, Uly 14, 18021" consists of a letter of instruction from "Cesar Crappo" to "Cato Cudjoe, Sheef Marshal" for the ceremonies marking the anniversary of the abolition of the slave trade. It also includes various toasts and songs for the occasion.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1821-1.

Another in the "bobalition" series of broadsides parodying the manners, illiteracy, and dialect of Boston blacks. (See no. 1819-2.) This one is facetiously dated "Uly 14, 1825, 6 month and little more beside," suggesting it appeared in 1825 or 1826. It is illustrated with silhouette figures of black men, one (on the left) saying, "Bosson, Uly 14, 1825 and little arter" and the second, "That is de day ob de grand Celebrashun." The text includes mock instructions for the procession, toasts, songs, etc., to mark the anniversary of the abolition of the slave trade. One toast is to "General Jackson--Eber he get to be Presumdent ob d Nuited States, he won't hang de rascal slow."|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1825-1.

Another burlesque parade (see no. 1833-11), satirizing Andrew Jackson as a military hero and President and the local militia displays of the period. The print apparently portrays one of the mock processions actually held in New York during the 1830s. A motley array of characters, some of them on horseback and carrying banners, swords, and lances, proceeds from left to right. They include mainly clowns and other carnival-type figures, with some literary and historical characters such as Don Quixote and Napoleon. The procession is led by a clown-like general resembling Jackson. The banners read: "Our General!! May he "soon" meet his "reward" in Heaven for his "everlasting" services on "earth." "Death to the Militia System." "Soldiers in "peace. Citizens in "War."" The print is labeled "Part 1st" in the upper left corner. Below the title are the following lines: "Come get thee a sword, tho' made of lath. There's Best's son the tanner, and Dick the Butcher, and Smith the weaver, as ragged as Lazarus. No eye hath seen such scarecrows. I'll not march with them that's flat. Shakespeare." |Entered . . . 1833 by Endicott & Swett . . . SD of N. York.|Signed: Hassan Straightshanks (David Claypool Johnston?). Invt. et Del.|The work is by the same artist (pseudonym "Hassan Straightshanks") as "The Grand National Caravan Moving East" (no. 1833-10) and "The Government" (no. 1834-12), also published by Endicott & Swett in New York. The Library's impression was deposited for copyright on December 12, 1833.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Murrell, p. 120, 124.|Weitenkampf, p. 31.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1833-12.

A satire on the presidential contest of 1836, using the metaphor of a billiards game between Whig candidate William Henry Harrison (left) and Democrat Martin Van Buren. The artist is clearly on the side of Harrison, whom he places beneath a portrait of George Washington, in opposition to Van Buren's perceived mentor and champion Andrew Jackson who stands at the far end of the table, below a painting of Napoleon. Behind the table stand Whig Senators Daniel Webster and Henry Clay, arm-in-arm near Harrison. Next to Van Buren (holding a cue) stands a sixth man, either Secretary of the Treasury Levi Woodbury or (as Weitenkampf suggests) Van Buren ally Senator Thomas Hart Benton. Harrison: "Now for a six stroke." Webster: "Now's your chance Harrison. There is a tide in the affairs of men as Shakespear says." Clay: "I'll go a cool Hundred Harrison wins the game." Sixth man: "I'll bet a cookie he don't make the hazzard." Jackson (holding what appears to be a bridge): "By the Eternal! Martin if Harrison holes you and gets a spot ball on the deep red it is all day with you." Van Buren: "He's more likely to hole himself General!"|Entered . . . 1836 by H.R. Robinson.|Published April 1836, by the proprietor H.R. Robinson, 48 Cortlandt St. New-York.|Signed with monogram: C (Edward Williams Clay).|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Weitenkampf, p. 44.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1836-14.

A burlesque parade, led by Andrew Jackson and satirizing various aspects of his administration. Weitenkampf asserts that the subject is Jackson's post-election visit to Boston; Murrell suggests a parody of Democratic campaign parades. In fact the print's publication did roughly coincide with Jackson's triumphal tour of the eastern cities New York, Philadelphia and Boston in late June and early July 1833. (The Library's impression was deposited for copyright on July 6, 1833). This artist's portrayal, however, is clearly fanciful. The procession moves from right to left. At its head is Jackson, seated on a horse with Martin Van Buren cross-legged behind him. Next is a devil playing a fiddle, followed by a mounted officer whose horse is one of two drawing a wagon holding caged Indians, with a flag "Rights of Man" and liberty cap. Inside the cage a forlorn Indian sings "Home! Sweet home!" This no doubt refers to Jackson's controversial Indian resettlement program, whereby thousands of Cherokees, Seminoles and other natives of the eastern United States were uprooted and moved to less desirable lands farther West. It probably refers to a specific casualty of this program, Sauk Indian leader Black Hawk, who in 1832 had led an unsuccessful uprising to resist white incursion into Indian lands in Ohio. Touring the Eastern United States as a prisoner of war, Black Hawk and his party arrived in New York on June 12, 1833, coinciding with Jackson's own visit there. The singing Indian resembles Charles Bird King's portrait of Black Hawk, painted in 1832. In the background are a cheering crowd, a hickory tree and a balloon overhead marked "rising generation." The figures sing lyrics from various songs. Jackson: "I've kissed and I've prattled to fifty fair maids." Van Buren: "Had I a heart for falshood fram'd." Devil: "When wild wars deadly blast was blown." Soldier: "How happy's [the] soldier that lives on his pay." Monkey atop the wagon: "Merrily every bosom boundeth." Prostrate drunk in foreground: "Hail! Columbia, happy land." Flags with various messages fly above the crowd, saying "See the Conquering Hero comes / Sound the trumpet beat the drums." and "Remember the glories of Brien the Brave" and "Honour and gratitude to the man who has filled the measure of his countrys glory." Atop the hickory tree flies a banner with "Heaven send it happy dew, / Earth lend it sap anew / Gaily to burgeon / And broadly to grow." Below the title is the quote, "There hath not been the like of them, neither shall there be any more after them, even to the years of many generations." The print is particularly well drawn, and may be the work of John Bufford. It compares closely to "The Government" (1834-12) and "Grand Fantastical Parade" (1833-12), also issued by Endicott & Swett in New York.|Drawn by Hassan Straightshanks (David Claypool Johnston?), under the immediate Superintendence of Maj. Jack Downing.|Entered . . . by Endicott and Swett New-York 1833.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Fowble, no. 332.|Malcolm Johnson, "David Claypool Johnston, the American Cruikshank," Antiques, July 1972 p. 101-107.|Murrell, p. 120, 124.|Weitenkampf, p. 31. |Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1833-11.|Published in: Many nations: A Library of Congress resource guide for the study of Indian and Alaska native peoples of the United States / edited by Patrick Frazier and the Publishing Office. Washington : Library of Congress, 1996, p. 173.

The familiar metaphor of the presidential contest as a boxing match is invoked once again. (For an earlier example see "Set to Between the Champion Old Tip and the Swell Dutchman of Kinderhook," no. 1836-12.) The scene is set in an open field, roped off behind to make a ring. Republican candidate Fremont (right) squares off against Democrat James Buchanan (left), after the latter has felled American party nominee Millard Fillmore. Buchanan warns Fremont, "Look out now Young Mariposa for that hair on your face I will put in the "Right" when you least expect it!" Fremont replies, "Come to time, Old Buck, I think I can lick a Democrat as old again as you are!" Fremont steps over the fallen Fillmore, who says, "You see, Fremont, I'm down! There must be a good many drops of 'Democrtic Blood' in that arm of Old Buck's to strike such a stunning blow!" Buchanan is seconded by an Irishman (far left) who comments, "By Jabbers but Old Bucky knocks 'em." Fremont is supported by a Bowery type (crouching at far right) who urges him, "Go in wooly Hoss don't be afeard." The print was probably issued in summer 1856 or later in the election campaign, after Fillmore's prospects for victory had dimmed. |Probably drawn by John L. Magee.|Published by John Childs, 84 So. 3rd St. Phila.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Weitenkampf, p. 116.|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1856-16.

The Free Soil sympathies of the cartoonist are evident in his portrayal of the 1848 presidential contest as a race between the three major candidates. The contenders are on the course. Whig candidate Zachary Taylor (left) rides a bloodhound with a collar reading "Buena Vista." The bloodhound is a reminder of the public outcry over Taylor's controversial use of dogs against the Indians in the Second Seminole War. The Battle of Buena Vista was one of Taylor's most decisive but costly victories in the Mexican War. A pouch of "Dead Letters mes up & then we can go ahead." A crowd of men look on from behind the rail, most of them shouting for Van Buren. Among the disgruntled is (third from left) Isaiah Rynders, a New York City political leader, who curses Taylor's poor performance, "Damn that Bloodhound! how he lags." An unidentified companion responds, pointing to Van Buren, "Just as I told you Rynders." Further right stand editor James Watson Webb and another man, who lament, "This sacrificing "Principles" for "Men" has availed me nothing," and "Damn it, Webb, we're both done brown!" Webb backed Taylor's bid for the presidency, although the candidate persistently refused to avow Whig party principles. The disappointed pair form a marked contrast to the jubilant Horace Greeley (far right), who waves his hat in the air and jeers, "Where's Webb's 30,000 men in Buckram now?" (See "One of the Young B'Hoys in Ecstasies," no. 1846-14.)|Entered . . . 1848 by H.R. Robinson.|Lithd. & publd. by H.R. Robinson 31 Park Row N. York. Adjoining Lovjoy's Hotel (Opposite the Park Fountain).|Signed with initials: W.J.C.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Weitenkampf, p. 96.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1848-37.

Zachary Taylor and Lewis Cass engage in a bout of fisticuffs in their battle for the presidency in 1848. Taylor, clearly getting the better of his opponent, seizes Cass by the lapels saying, "A little more grape! Gen"al" Gas!" Cass pleads, "Enough! Enough! you've knocked all the breath out of my body--Carry me off Old Bullion!" His appeal for help is to conservative Democratic senator Thomas Hart Benton, who stands to the left wondering, "I didn't think old Gas would have funked so soon; these d--d Barnburners must have frightened his pluck out of him." One of the "Barnburners" (i.e., radical Democrats), former President Martin Van Buren (far left), comments, "If old Gas comes round in my neighborhood I'll give a poke that will soon settle his hash." On the far right stands Henry Clay, who lost the Whig nomination to Taylor. His aside: "As I couldn't get the match myself I am glad Old Rough and Ready has got it."|Published by J. Dexter & Brother 32 Ann St. N.Y.|Probably drawn by Edward Williams Clay.|The Library has two impressions of the print, both printed on the verso of "The Race between Bennett and Greely for the Post-Office Stakes" (no. 1843-4).|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Weitenkampf, p. 91.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1848-31.

Another satire on Andrew Jackson's conflict with French king Louis Philippe over French reparations due the United States under the Treaty of 1831. The artist blames vice-president Van Buren for escalation of anti-French feeling in the Administration to the verge of war. In the center Jackson, holding a sack of 25 million francs (the amount of French debt established by the treaty), dances to a tune played by "First Fiddle" Van Buren and the Cabinet orchestra. Louis Philippe falls to the floor at left. Jackson: "Par l'Eternel! Louis Philippe, je jouerai l'enfer et Thomas avec vous! D--n it Martin give us a War-dance! Whoop!!" Louis Philippe: "Nom de Dieu! I try de double shuffle wis dis d--n old Jackson, & he put me on my back supristi!!" Van Buren: "'I am the boy for bewitching 'em!' Forward and back two!!" Various other foreign heads of state and significant persons (identified in the lower margin) witness the scene, some commenting on it. The words given to Baron de Rothschild, for instance, express the anti-Semitic, anti-bank sentiments of the artist, "By Moses and de Profits, I am King of de Jews!" Weitenkampf records three different "issues" of the print, but describes only one, signed by Edward Williams Clay and published by Robinson in February 1836 at 48 Courtlandt St. The Library's impression has a variant imprint, listing the address as 52 Courtlandt St., and lacking Clay's monogram.|Printed & published by H.R. Robinson, 52 Cortlandt Street, New York. Entered . . . 1836 by H.R. Robinson.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Davison, "E.W. Clay: American Political Caricaturist of the Jacksonian Era," no. 74 (variant).|Weitenkampf, p. 43.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1836-5.

A satire on the Van Buren administration challenged by Whig presidential candidate William Henry Harrison. Harrison, dressed as a woman, tries to remove Van Buren from his throne with a midwife's forceps. Van Buren, clinging to his seat (lettered "US") says, "O! Help! Help! I cant hold out much longer. He will have me out, I feel he will: our suffering is intolerable." Holding him back are supporters (left to right) John C. Calhoun, Francis Preston Blair, Amos Kendall, and Thomas Hart Benton. Calhoun: "After all my turning and twisting and turning again and again to no purpose. Why it is worse than Nullification." Blair: "O! Granny spare the poor dear little creature. See how much he suffers. If we lose him we are undone indeed." Benton: "I am "Bent-on" holding him down, till his incubation be more complete, as I wish to deliver him myself." Harrison: "You must come my baby; if you stay here much longer you will kill your Mammy." Harrison stands on a small table covered with a cloth with an eagle ornament. A modest, upholstered chair (also with an eagle) stands to the right, in marked contrast to the larger, more ornate throne. The print is the work of the artist "HD," judging from its similarity, especially in the portraits, to his "A Political Movement" (no. 1840-37).|Drawn by "HD" (Henry Dacre?).|Printed and pub. by H.R. Robinson, no. 52 Cortlandt St. N.Y. & Pennsa. Avenue Washington D.C.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Weitenkampf, p. 67.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1840-39.

A crude but charming comic send-up of 1876 Republican campaign strategy. Democratic candidate Samuel J. Tilden and an unidentified man stand fishing on the left bank of a river, their basket overflowing with their catch. On the opposite bank stand Rutherford B. Hayes and Republican incumbent Ulysses S. Grant, obviously less successful. Grant advises Hayes, "I guess that reform bait won't work this side. Better try an anti-Catholic worm." Since both the Democratic and Republican platforms in 1876 stressed reform, Hayes's campaign sought to stir up anti-Catholic prejudice against Tilden.|Copyrighted and Pub'd by P. Jesse 116 Nassau St. N.Y.|Signed: F.G. Del.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1876-7.