Alcatraz is home to one of the world's most infamous prisons. From the 1930s to 1960s, Alcatraz was the premier maximum security prison, housing inmates such as Al Capone and George Machine Gun Kelly. Before the prison was created, the island was home to American Indians. Today, it is one of San Francisco's most prominent tourist attractions.

On November 20, 1969, Alcatraz island became the unlikely stage for a landmark event in the Native American rights movement.

Some of the most vivid pigments in medieval manuscripts were manufactured through alchemy, an experimental practice that predates modern chemistry. Today, chemistry deepens our knowledge about paint colors, their identification, and potential continued transformations.

 Alcoholic Fermentation in Yeast – A Bioengineering Design Challenge Grade Level: 10thSubject: ALSAnimalsDuration: 90 minutesDOK Level: 3SAMR Level: Substitution Indiana Standard: ALSA-2.17 Describe cellular respiration. Recognize that animals perform only respiration, while plants perform both photosynthesis and respiration. Also, describe the transformation of energy during respiration, and the role of ATP produced in respiration for other metabolic processesObjective: Students will be able to explain the process of cellular respiration and design an experiment .Essential Question: What is the optimum sucrose concentration and temperature to maximize rapid CO2 production?Procedure: Handout the student lab sheet.Have the students answer the questions in part 1Have them draw the steps in part to in their research notebookHave the students complete the lab part 2Have the students record the results in their research notebookHave the students design and complete lab part 3Product or Assessment: Students will be assessed on their results in their research notebook. Credit: Cellular Respiration lab http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_edu/waldron/Teacher Preparation Notes 

This activity helps students to understand both alcoholic fermentation and the engineering design process. In the first two parts of this activity, students learn about alcoholic fermentation and test for alcoholic fermentation by assessing CO2 production by live yeast cells in sugar water vs. two controls. The third part of this activity presents the bioengineering design challenge where students work to find the optimum sucrose concentration and temperature to maximize rapid CO2 production. Structured questions guide the students through the basic engineering steps. This activity helps students meet the Next Generation Science Standards.

Alcohol or ethanol fermentation, including yeast and its role in bread and wine production.

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone which is secreted from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland. It has a mineralocorticoid activity and is the most important regulator of plasma potassium. When plasma potassium increases, increased stimulation of aldosterone occurs directly and also as a result of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). Aldosterone is also the most important regulator of sodium excretion.