This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Although invisible to the naked eye, beds are teeming with microbial life, which might influence how the human body’s own microbial communities form and develop, especially in infancy. To explore this hypothesis, researchers analyzed 577 dust samples from the beds of infants, as well as 542 airway samples from a child cohort study. The diversity of bacteria and fungi detected in bed dust correlated with one another, suggesting an interplay between the two types of organisms in bed dust. Additionally, the microbial makeup of bacterial and fungal communities in bed dust was influenced by different environmental factors. Bacterial communities were influenced by type of home, living environment, sex of siblings, and pets, whereas fungal communities were influenced by type of home and sampling season. There was limited evidence of microbial transfer between bed dust and infant airways..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

MIT researcher Deb Roy wanted to understand how his infant son learned language -- so he wired up his house with videocameras to catch every moment (with exceptions) of his son's life, then parsed 90,000 hours of home video to watch "gaaaa" slowly turn into "water." Astonishing, data-rich research with deep implications for how we learn. Deb Roy studies how children learn language, and designs machines that learn to communicate in human-like ways. On sabbatical from MIT Media Lab, he's working with the AI company Bluefin Labs. A quiz, thought provoking question, and links for further study are provided to create a lesson around the 20-minute video. Educators may use the platform to easily "Flip" or create their own lesson for use with their students of any age or level.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"For the first time, scientists have figured out how to grow and extend the life of primary airway epithelial cells from newborns and young children. These cells line our nasal passages and lungs, protecting us from pathogens, and controlling our immune responses to allergens. Differences in these cells may help explain why certain infants develop wheezing and asthma later in life, but studying them has been challenging because they are difficult to obtain in babies and usually die in culture after dividing a few times. Now, researchers at Children’s National Medical Center in Washington, D.C. and George Washington University have devised a way to reprogram pediatric airway epithelial cells so that they survive, creating a new model to study respiratory disorders that take hold early in life. The team collected airway epithelial cells from 23 donors, including newborns, infants and young children..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This lesson introduces students to the core components of an early childhood daily schedule. Students will study the differences in schedules by age in order to develop their own.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Celiac disease is an autoimmune digestive disorder that causes a severe response to gluten. Although genetic predisposition is necessary for celiac disease to develop, exposure to certain environmental stimuli may also play a role in disease development. A recent study evaluated potential environmental risk factors affecting celiac disease development. Researchers used metagenomics and metabolomics to analyze infants with a first-degree relative with CD. Using samples collected at birth, 3 months, and 6 months of age to compare infants exposed or unexposed to environmental factors, including birth delivery mode, infant feeding type, and antibiotic exposure, the researchers found that many microbial species, functional pathways, and metabolites were affected by risk factors. Notably, C-section delivery was associated with decreases in beneficial bacteria and alterations in metabolic pathways - changes which are implicated in immune system dysfunction and inflammatory conditions..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Pneumococcal bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae) can cause several different serious infections including pneumonia, sinusitis, and meningitis. Studies to monitor the levels of pneumococcal bacteria ‘carried’ by individuals are called carriage studies and are used to inform vaccination programs. But most carriage study techniques distinguish between pneumococcal subtypes based on their outside structure, or serotype, rather than by genetic strain. Consequently, little is known about strain-specific carriage and interactions between strains. To close this gap, researchers trialed a new workflow using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing of the genetic marker plyNCR. Tests using mock bacterial communities found that this workflow was sensitive and highly specific to S. pneumoniae. Banked nasal swabs collected from infants during their first year of life were used for a real-world test..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This course will provide opportunity to use the Massachusetts Early Learning Guidelines to support your work with infants and toddlers. The first three years of life area a time of rapid brain development and learning. This time is critically important for infants and toddlers as they develop foundations for learning. The purpose of the Early Learning Guidelines (ELG) for Infants and Toddlers is to provide a comprehensive view of the development of infants and toddlers while documenting experiences that support this development.

In this lesson, students will learn about the developmental milestones of infants from birth to age 2.  They will identify 20 milestones and create a poster (paper or digital).

This course will consider the degree and nature of the modular organization of the mind and brain. We will focus in detail on the domains of objects, number, places, and people, drawing on evidence from behavioral studies in human infants, children, normal adults, neurological patients, and animals, as well as from studies using neural measures such as functional brain imaging and ERPs. With these domains as examples, we will address broader questions about the role of domain-general and domain-specific processing systems in mature human performance, the innateness vs. plasticity of encapsulated cognitive systems, the nature of the evidence for such systems, and the processes by which people link information flexibly across domains.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"How humans lose consciousness under anesthesia is a bit of a mystery, but that’s especially true in the case of young infants. Scientists have known that in adults, fast alpha-wave frequencies in the electroencephalogram, or EEG, appear when someone undergoes anesthesia and loses consciousness. But that doesn’t happen in infants younger than about 4 months. So, how do young infants lose consciousness? Because awake infants do show slow delta-wave frequencies, a team at the University of Cambridge and Harvard Medical School and Boston Children’s Hospital decided to investigate those waves. Now, in a new article in the journal Anesthesiology, the researchers report that infants lost slow-wave synchronization—or “functional connectivity”—between the frontal and parietal regions of their brains when they underwent anesthesia. There is evidence that during anesthesia, the adult brain reorganizes itself into a less complex configuration with more segregation between functional systems..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Using the "Still Face" Experiment, in which a mother denies her baby attention for a short period of time, director of UMass Boston's Infant-Parent Mental Health Program Ed Tronick describes how prolonged lack of attention can move an infant from good socialization, to periods of bad but repairable socialization. In "ugly" situations the child does not receive any chance to return to the good, and may become stuck.

Poster promoting better housing as a solution for high rates of infant mortality in the slums, showing a planned housing community and in the background a crossed-out telescopic view of tenement housing. New York City Housing Authority - Fiorello H. La Guardia, Mayor - Langdon W. Post, Commissioner. Posters of the WPA / Christopher DeNoon. Los Angeles : Wheatley Press, c1987, no. 314

Poster promoting better housing as a solution for high rates of infant mortality in the slums, showing a blueprint of new housing next to existing tenement buildings over which stands the figure of Death. Date stamped on verso: Dec 18 1936. New York City Housing Authority - Fiorello H. La Guardia, Mayor - Langdon W. Post, Comm.

Poster promoting proper child care, showing a baby picketing. Date stamped on verso: Nov 8 1938. Posters of the WPA / Christopher DeNoon. Los Angeles : Wheatly Press, c1987, no. 297

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Our microbiome plays a key role in our health and contains bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. However, due to several factors, the bacterial residents get the most attention. Consequently, our understanding of fungi and their interactions with other microbiome residents remains limited. A recent study addressed this by collecting data on the nasal cavity and oropharynx microbiome of healthy newborn infants. The fungal and bacterial species composition was most strongly influenced by location in the airway. However, breastfeeding status also significantly shaped both the bacterial and fungal communities in the oropharynx. Multi-kingdom microbial networks inference analysis suggested potential interactions between the fungi and bacteria. To examine potential impacts on the infants, the gene expression in their nasal cavity was also evaluated..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.