Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Compare the mechanisms and methods of natural and artificial asexual reproductionDescribe the advantages and disadvantages of natural and artificial asexual reproductionDiscuss plant life spans

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Critical defects that compromise the nucleus during cell division could be the basis for the age-accelerating effects of people living with progeria. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes premature aging. Affecting one in 8 million newborns worldwide, the disorder is extremely rare—and fatal. The rapid aging of the cardiovascular system causes death due to heart attack or stroke in patients by their mid-teens. Progeria is caused by a tiny point mutation in the lamin A gene. This gene is responsible for producing structural proteins called lamins, which form the scaffolding that holds the cell nucleus together. The mutated form of prelamin A called progerin destabilizes the cell nucleus—the genetic control center of cells. The result is the fast-aging effects observed in progeria. But the link from gene mutation to physical disorder has remained a mystery. Previous studies have looked only at models of progeria, not at actual patient cells..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Introduction to Sociology 2e adheres to the scope and sequence of a typical, one-semester introductory sociology course. It offers comprehensive coverage of core concepts, foundational scholars, and emerging theories, which are supported by a wealth of engaging learning materials. The textbook presents detailed section reviews with rich questions, discussions that help students apply their knowledge, and features that draw learners into the discipline in meaningful ways. The second edition retains the book’s conceptual organization, aligning to most courses, and has been significantly updated to reflect the latest research and provide examples most relevant to today’s students. In order to help instructors transition to the revised version, the 2e changes are described within the preface.

Understand the historical and current trends of poverty among elderly populationsRecognize ageist thinking and ageist attitudes in individuals and institutionsLearn about elderly individuals’ risks of being mistreated and abused

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Metabolic syndrome is a combination of cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Although its effects on entire organ systems are well-studied, researchers are beginning to appreciate the importance of thinking smaller. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in tissues like fat are able to self-renew and differentiate into many lineages, giving them powerful roles in regulating the immune response and angiogenesis. However, in individuals with metabolic syndrome, MSCs can become senescent, impairing their function and causing inflammation. Recently, researchers evaluated the effect of metabolic syndrome on extracellular vesicles (EVs) – membrane-bound vesicles secreted by MSCs. Using EVs collected from fat-derived MSCs in pigs, they found that micro-RNAs in EVs were altered by metabolic syndrome, some of which targeted senescence-associated genes..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are immature cells that can develop into all types of blood cells, making them critical regulators of blood composition. However, during aging, HSCs undergo a process called senescence, in which their functionality starts to fade, leading to issues like reduced immune cell populations or leukemia. HSC senescence is influenced by various age-related factors, like accumulated DNA damage or epigenetic (non-DNA-altering) changes in gene expression, and it’s regulated by small RNA molecules known as microRNAs (miRNAs). For example, the miR-212/132 cluster binds to the FOXO3 gene to affect HSC life cycles, function, and survival and is upregulated with aging, while miR-125b, which can help HSCs resist stress and cell death, is downregulated in aging HSCs..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder, affecting over 25% of adults worldwide. It causes inflammation and other health conditions, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer-related death. Recently, researchers have looked toward the use of senolytic drugs as a promising treatment. Senolytic drugs selectively target aging cells that no longer divide, which are associated with NAFLD-induced HCC. In a recent study, mice were given low-dose diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce NAFLD-induced HCC. These and normal (CTL) mice were treated with a mixture of two senolytic drugs, dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q). Unexpectedly, the D+Q cocktail had no effect or even worsened liver disease progression in the mice and slightly increased liver damage and tumor generation. The drug cocktail also did not reduce the number of aging cells in the mouse liver, as indicated by the genetic marker p16..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Our lungs use very fine tissues to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and our blood. About 95% of this tissue is made up of a single kind of cell, called type-1 pneumocytes, or AT1 cells. Because they’re so delicate and thin, these cells are vulnerable to damage by pollutants, viruses, and bacteria. Fortunately, lung tissues also have specialized stem cells called AT2 cells that can replace damaged AT1 cells. But exactly how these cube-shaped AT2 cells generate large, flat AT1 cells has remained something of a mystery. To study this problem, the Tata lab in Cell Biology at Duke University has created “mini lungs” inside Petri dishes. They found that inside these “organoids”, the blocky stem cells enter an intermediate state on their way to generating the thin AT1 cells. The stem cells stretch considerably while passing through this transitional state, making them vulnerable to DNA damage. Cells normally pass through that transition within days..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Prostate cancer is one of the most common and deadliest cancers among men. Reducing the levels of male hormones is the first-line treatment, but many cases become resistant to this “chemical castration”. Immunotherapies that leverage or improve the tumor-killing abilities of immune cells called macrophages might be viable alternatives but so far, there is limited preclinical or clinical evidence as to whether these therapies are effective. Researchers recently used a mouse model to explore whether a macrophage-activating drug called VSSP can successfully treat castration-resistant prostate cancer. VSSP inhibited tumor growth in surgically castrated mice with less-aggressive prostate cancer, but not in those with castration-resistant prostate cancer. The scientists next treated macrophages with VSSP in the laboratory and administered them to mice with castration-resistant cancer. They found that the VSSP-treated macrophages reduced tumor growth in the mice..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Much recent research points toward a strong link between the microorganisms living in the gut and human health. Changes in this microbial community as a person grows older are thought to stem from changes in lifestyle and wellbeing associated with modern society, but evidence to support this claim is lacking. To gain a better understanding of how age affects the gut microbial community under natural conditions, researchers looked toward wild macaques. Using gene sequencing techniques, they found that the gut bacterial composition of individual macaques exhibited a unique personal signature and that this signature became increasingly unstable with age. This instability was linked to an increase in the relative abundance of rare bacterial groups. The uniqueness of an individual’s gut microbiota also increased with age, potentially due in part to a decrease in social interaction..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.