This section covers more contemporary topics relating to Indigenous Peoples in Canada.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

In the land we now call Canada, the term "Indigenous peoples" or "Aboriginal peoples" commonly refer to three groups: First Nations, Métis, and Inuit. It's important to recognize that Indigenous peoples are diverse, each with their own unique histories, languages, spiritual beliefs, and culture. Indigenous peoples are one of the fastest growing population groups. According to Statistics Canada's 2021 census, approximately 1.8 million individuals identified themselves as an Indigenous person.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

Content Warning: Please note that this section covers difficult topics and Survivor stories related to residential schools that some readers may find distressing. For residential school Survivors and their families, 24-hour support is available through the Indian Residential Schools Crisis Line at 1-800-721-0066. If you're a student from an Ontario college, please consult the student support services available at your college.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

This section highlights some of the social justice events and movements relating to Indigenous resistance and resurgence.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

The Indian Act, passed by the federal government in 1876 and still in force today, is the most significant piece of legislation impacting First Nations. The Act is just one of the methods the government used to assimilate First Nations. Note: The term "Indian" is an outdated term and is no longer appropriate to use today. The term is used in this section when referring to the Indian Act and its terms, and when quoting an Indigenous person who has chosen to use this term.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

This timeline highlights key historical events that have influenced the history of Indigenous Peoples in the land we now call Canada, with a focus on Ontario.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

Treaties are legally binding agreements that set out the rights, responsibilities and relationships of First Nations and the federal and provincial governments. Ontario would not exist as it is today without treaties. They form the basis of the relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. Although many treaties were signed more than a century ago, treaty commitments are just as valid today as they were then.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

Learning about and acknowledging the truth is one of the steps towards genuine reconciliation. As the Truth and Reconciliation Commission stated in their final report, "Without truth, justice, and healing, there can be no genuine reconciliation. Reconciliation is not about 'closing a sad chapter of Canada's past' but about opening new healing pathways of reconciliation that are forged in truth and justice.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

This section provides an overview of resources to support with engaging with Truth and Reconciliation, using respectful terminology, and expanding your understanding of stereotypes & racism.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

This section provides an overview of Indigenous communities, places, and spaces within Ontario.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

The following are a selection of resources which may help broaden awareness and understanding of Indigenous topics within Canada.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

The following resources provides an overview of days of significance, events, and Indigenous organizations.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

Knowledge Use protocols outline appropriate use of Indigenous knowledge, culture, objects, and beliefs. Among the many harmful outcomes of colonization in the Canadian context are the exploitation and misappropriation of Indigenous Peoples’ knowledge, culture, and beliefs.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

It's important to consider and follow protocols when engaging or interacting with Indigenous Peoples. Protocols go beyond manners or rules and involves respecting traditional ways of being. Protocols include prescribed behaviours on how to respectively interact with Indigenous Peoples, responsibly use Traditional Knowledge, and ethically conduct research involving Indigenous Peoples and their Land. Take note that protocols are unique and vary between Indigenous cultures and communities.

Before engaging with an Indigenous person, it is important to learn about their culture and the appropriate protocols for the situation. Observing and following protocols not only shows respect and acknowledgement for the value of Indigenous peoples and their culture, but also represent an important gesture towards reconciliation.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

Research protocols are codes of conduct to ensure that research practices and methodology used when conducting research relating to Indigenous population is done ethically and responsibly.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

"Indigenous pedagogy is a teaching method that connects aboriginal stories as a guiding path toward knowledge, relying on the relationships between people and nature with broad, holistic interconnectedness. The role of Indigenous pedagogy is to promote learning through four distinct areas: personal and holistic, experiential, place-based learning, and intergenerational". (from Theories of Collective and Individual Learning, https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/ticl/chapter/9-1-defining-indigenous-pedagogy/).

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

This section provides a selection of resources to support the curriculum including Open Educational Resources (OERs) and openly available online materials.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.

It's important to recognize that each Indigenous community is unique and will have its own set of worldviews and ways of knowing. This section highlights some of the diverse ways of knowing and worldviews observed in various Indigenous cultures.

This is part of the Maamwi Hub's Discover Section, where you can find information and resources on Indigenous Peoples’ history, cultures, and perspectives, with a focus on the territory currently referred to as Ontario. Explore the entire Maamwi Hub by visiting the Provider Set linked below.