Many details of phonetic realization cannot be predicted from standard phonological representations on a language-independent basis, so phonetic realization must be specified in grammar. In this seminar we will investigate phonetic realization as a component of grammar.
The basic questions that we will address are:

What is the form of the phonetic realization component?
What is its relationship to phonology?

Modal logic is the logic of necessity and possibility, and by extension of analogously paired notions like validity and consistency, obligation and permission, the known and the not-ruled-out. This a first course in the area. A solid background in first-order logic is essential. Topics to be covered include (some or all of) the main systems of propositional modal logic, Kripkean “possible world” semantics, strict implication, contingent identity, intensional objects, counterpart theory, the logic of actuality, and deontic and / or epistemic logic. The emphasis will be more on technical methods and results than philosophical applications.

This two-part assignment introduces students to spectrogram reading by asking them (1) to explore a set of spectrograms representing the days of the week, and then (2) record their own spectrogram and add a picture of it to a common "Mystery Spectrograms" folder for use in a subsequent assignment (and also in classroom activities).
NOTE: by the time this assignment is introduced, the students have already learned how to record themselves and save sound files using the Praat software for acoustic analysis. If they are not familiar with the procedure, this tutorial will help:
Making a recording in PRAAT

Essential Morphology and Syntax for Beginning Greek

Word Count: 70368

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically as part of a bulk import process by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided. As a result, there may be errors in formatting.)

In today's exciting lesson, we embarked on a "Discover the World Adventure" where we explored the cultures, languages, and flags of different countries. Our mission was not only educational but also loads of fun!We began by introducing ourselves as your teachers: Alison Arce, Laura Muñoz, Luis Cumbe, and Kadid Castrillón.Then, we presented the thrilling "Rescue the Kittens' Toys" game, where you helped cute kittens recover their toys while answering questions about general knowledge and travel.Next, we delved into the "Memory Game of Flags and Countries," a memory challenge that took you on a journey around the world to match flags with their corresponding countries.Throughout the lesson, we learned about various destinations, cultures, and traditions. We hope you had a blast, expanded your knowledge, and had fun with us on this incredible adventure!

This assignment is asking students to collaboratively create a database of "good" and "bad" voices for subsequent analysis.

This assignment is asking students to collaboratively create a database with videos illustrating differences in the speech production of young children compared to that of adults.

Short Description:
NewPara 2022: La vida te da sorpresas... de momento ya no seguimos trabajando en este libro. Buscamos a alguien o a un equipo a quien pasar nuestra labor de amor. Compartiremos nuestro proceso e ideas para seguir adelante con este humilde proyecto. Póngase en contacto: https://ashwiniganeshan.wixsite.com/educator/contact NewPara2019: Este libro, todavía en desarrollo, se dirige a estudiantes de español en universidades estadounidenses y pretende ofrecer una breve y simple introducción a la lingüística hispánica. Incluye conceptos básicos de la lingüística, brinda ensayos que abarcan temas de interés social conectando la lingüística con la vida diaria, y ejercicios para practicar los conceptos. También hay enlaces a materiales relevantes disponibles en la red. El libro está creado enteramente por textos escritos y materiales compartidos por estudiantes mayoritariamente de pregrado y también cuenta con el trabajo y esfuerzo de estudiantes-editoras en un proyecto a largo plazo de pedagogía abierta.Descargue el libro en formato pdf, mobi, epub aquí: https://ohioopen.library.ohio.edu/opentextbooks/3/

Long Description:
2022: La vida te da sorpresas… de momento ya no seguimos trabajando en este libro. Buscamos a alguien o a un equipo a quien pasar nuestra labor de amor. Compartiremos nuestro proceso e ideas para seguir adelante con este humilde proyecto. Póngase en contacto: https://ashwiniganeshan.wixsite.com/educator/contact

2019: Este libro, todavía en desarrollo, se dirige a estudiantes de español en universidades estadounidenses y pretende ofrecer una breve y simple introducción a la lingüística hispánica. Incluye conceptos básicos de la lingüística, brinda ensayos que abarcan temas de interés social conectando la lingüística con la vida diaria, y ejercicios para practicar los conceptos. También hay enlaces a materiales relevantes disponibles en la red. El libro está creado enteramente por textos escritos y materiales compartidos por estudiantes mayoritariamente de pregrado y también cuenta con el trabajo y esfuerzo de estudiantes-editoras en un proyecto a largo plazo de pedagogía abierta.

Descargue el libro en formato pdf, mobi, epub aquí: https://ohioopen.library.ohio.edu/opentextbooks/3/

Word Count: 32540

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

The need for this particular grammar arises from the peculiar shape of the MDiv curriculum at Asbury Theological Seminary. Several years ago the faculty adopted a curriculum that required one semester of Greek and one semester of Hebrew, each as preparatory for a basic exegesis course in each discipline.

It became clear after several years of trial and error that a “lexical” or “tools” approach to learning Greek and Hebrew was inadequate, no matter how skilled the instructors or how motivated the students. In today's general vacuum of grammatical training in public education across the United States, students typically enter seminary training with no knowledge of how languages work. Any training we might give them in accessing grammatical information through the use of Bible software programs will, we learned, come to naught in the absence of an understanding of just what such information actually means. We agreed that we actually needed to “teach the language itself,” at least in some rudimentary fashion, if we hoped students would make sense of grammatical and linguistic issues involved biblical interpretation.

The first 12 chapters of this grammar are designed to correspond to the first semester's instructional agenda. In these chapters we introduce all the parts of speech, explain and drill the basic elements of grammar, set forth the larger verb system (excluding the perfect system), teach the tenses of the Indicative Mood only (again, excluding the perfect system), and help students build a vocabulary of all NT words occurring 100 times or more. We also lead students into the NT itself with carefully chosen examples, while at the same time guiding them in each lesson to learn the use of the standard NT lexicon [BDAG] and an exegetical grammar [Wallace's Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics]. We are well aware of the limitations of this approach, but genuinely believe that some instruction along these lines is better than none, and that such an approach provide a foundation for students interested in moving beyond the first semester (into chapters 13-24) into a firmer grasp of the language of the NT.

The materials presented in this book were developed for an advanced-level content-based Russian language course at Portland State University entitled “Russian Literature of the Twentieth Century: The 1920s.” Literature of this period is a major part of the Russian canon, but is notoriously difficult for learners of Russian to read in the original, due both to its stylistic complexity and the relative obscurity of its historical, political, and cultural references. And yet, this decade is crucial for understanding Russia – not only in the Soviet period, but also today. This was the period, when Mikhail Zoshchenko, Isaak Babel, Mikhail Bulgakov, and Andrei Platonov meticulously documented the birth of the “New Soviet Man,” his “newspeak” and Soviet bureaucratese; when Alexandra Kollontai, a Marxist revolutionary and a diplomat, wrote essays and fiction on the “New Soviet Woman”; when numerous satirical works were created; when Babel experimented with a literary representation of dialects (e.g.,Odessa Russian or Jewish Russian). These varieties of language have not disappeared. Bureaucrats still use some form of bureaucratese. Numerous contemporary TV shows imitate the dialects that Babel described. Moreover, Bulgakov’s “Heart of a Dog” gave rise, due largely to its film adaptation, to catch-phrases that still appear throughout contemporary Russian media, satirical contexts, and everyday conversation. Thus, the Russian literature of the 1920s does not belong exclusively to the past, but has relevance and interpretive power for the present, and language learners who wish to pursue a career in humanities, media analysis, analytical translation, journalism, or international relations must understand this period and the linguistic patterns it established.

The textbook is intended for adult learners, and contains language assignments that would, on the one hand, help students transition to ACTFL’s Advanced proficiency level (i.e., be able to create "narratives, descriptions, and summaries … using paraphrasing and elaboration” (ACTFL 2012: 12).), but at the same time promote meaningful engagement with literary texts. The assignments in this textbook are multilevel ones, and thus offer a solution for multilevel classes that include literate heritage Russian speakers, Intermediate High, Advanced, or even Superior-level readers.

MIT researcher Deb Roy wanted to understand how his infant son learned language -- so he wired up his house with videocameras to catch every moment (with exceptions) of his son's life, then parsed 90,000 hours of home video to watch "gaaaa" slowly turn into "water." Astonishing, data-rich research with deep implications for how we learn. Deb Roy studies how children learn language, and designs machines that learn to communicate in human-like ways. On sabbatical from MIT Media Lab, he's working with the AI company Bluefin Labs. A quiz, thought provoking question, and links for further study are provided to create a lesson around the 20-minute video. Educators may use the platform to easily "Flip" or create their own lesson for use with their students of any age or level.

These are recordings for grades 4-5 for listening comprehension. They were developed by ELPA and correlate with the ELP standards. 

This course is designed for learners with no background in Chinese. It introduces basic structures of the Mandarin Chinese language with emphasis on listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Students will gain these four skills in standard Mandarin Chinese, attaining approximately the Novice-High level on the ACTFL-ETS (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages) proficiency scale. Topics of conversation include basic greetings, names, family, work, study, and hobbies.

Short Description:
Children are inherently musical. They respond to music and learn through music. Music expresses children’s identity and heritage, teaches them to belong to a culture, and develops their cognitive well-being and inner self worth. As professional instructors, childcare workers, or students looking forward to a career working with children, we should continuously search for ways to tap into children’s natural reservoir of enthusiasm for singing, moving and experimenting with instruments. But how, you might ask? What music is appropriate for the children I’m working with? How can music help inspire a well-rounded child? How do I reach and teach children musically? Most importantly perhaps, how can I incorporate music into a curriculum that marginalizes the arts?

Long Description:
Children are inherently musical. They respond to music and learn through music. Music expresses children’s identity and heritage, teaches them to belong to a culture, and develops their cognitive well-being and inner self worth. As professional instructors, childcare workers, or students looking forward to a career working with children, we should continuously search for ways to tap into children’s natural reservoir of enthusiasm for singing, moving and experimenting with instruments. But how, you might ask? What music is appropriate for the children I’m working with? How can music help inspire a well-rounded child? How do I reach and teach children musically? Most importantly perhaps, how can I incorporate music into a curriculum that marginalizes the arts?

This book explores a holistic, artistic, and integrated approach to understanding the developmental connections between music and children. This book guides professionals to work through music, harnessing the processes that underlie music learning, and outlining developmentally appropriate methods to understand the role of music in children’s lives through play, games, creativity, and movement. Additionally, the book explores ways of applying music-making to benefit the whole child, i.e., socially, emotionally, physically, cognitively, and linguistically.

Word Count: 75231

ISBN: 978-1-998755-32-5

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Salam Dear Visitor,

This is the first edition of the “Arabic Language Through Dialogue” 1, 2 and 3 series in addition to the Iraqi Dialect through Dialogue book. The series attempts to make learning of the Arabic language more accessible and enjoyable to non-native speakers of Arabic using dialogues and communicative exercises that relate to the dialogue in each lesson. The series was made possible by partial funding and complete encouragement from the Language Acquisition Resource Center (LARC) under the directorship of Dr. Mary Ann Lyman-Hager and hosted at the San Diego State University. Dr. Ghada Osman, the director of the Center of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the San Diego State University, offered us invaluable advice and encouragement. In these books you will see the following:
1.High frequency dialect (A’miyyah) utterances are incorporated in each dialogue to give the learner a flavor of a’miyyah across the Arab world.
2.Arabic music and songs are used to teach the various dialects of the Arab world and to infuse the books with Arab culture.
3.The dialogues deal with everyday life issues from ordering food to renting a house to buying a car to talking about School and politics and social issues. All of this is done in a very easy MSA language that approximates the spoken language of educated Arabs.
4.Idiomatic expressions are incorporated in the dialogues.
5.Famous Arabic proverbs are part of every lesson in Book 3 and they come from a different región in the Arab world. We did not want to focus on one dialect as we wanted to expose learners to the 4 major Arabic dialects through songs, idiomatic expressions and high frequency words and then leave it up to the learner to decide which one he/she is most interested in. Once they decide which dialect they want to pursue, they can then plan their summer or semester abroad based on that knowledge.
6.Many games and fun activities are incorporated in each lesson.
7.Grammar is an important piece of these books but it is not the centerpiece. Learners will be exposed to all the grammatical notions and concepts needed to build their linguistic knowledge but the our focus remains on the USING the language rather than knowing ABOUT the language.
8.All the dialogues are available here on this page to listen to.
9.Tahiyyati and I hope that you enjoy learning Arabic using this series

CHN 102 is a continuation of CHN 101. The four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing in standard Mandarin Chinese are further developed. Students will gain these four skills, attaining approximately the Intermediate-low level on the ACTFL-ETS (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages) proficiency scale. Topics of conversation include education, sports, entertainment, travel, and health.

Upon successful completion of this course, the student should be able to:

* Understand sentence length utterances which consist of recombination of learned utterances on a variety of topics. Content refer primarily to basic personal background and needs, social conversations and some complex tasks.
* Handle successfully a variety of uncomplicated task oriented and social functions. Can ask and answer questions participate in simple conversations on topics beyond the most immediate needs.
* Read consistently with increased understanding simple connected texts dealing with basic personal and social needs. Student will have sufficient comprehension to understand some authentic material as it reflects similarity to specially prepared material and/or to high frequency oral vocabulary and structure.
* Meet a number of practical writing needs. Can write short simple letters. Contents involves personal preference, daily routine, everyday events, and other topics grounded in personal experience. Evidence of control of the syntax of non-complex sentences. Can create a collection of sentences on a given topic.
* List some essential points of Chinese geography, society, and culture.

These resources are developed by ELPA and align with the ELP standards. They are organized by grade band and domain. They are designed to be used as lessons and for test practice. 

How do words get their meanings? How can word meanings be represented and used by machines? We will explore three families of approaches to these questions from a computational perspective. Relational / structural methods such as semantic networks represent the meaning of words in terms of their relations to other words. Knowledge of the world through perception and action leads to the notion of external grounding, a process by which word meanings are ‘attached’ to the world. How an agent theorizes about, and conceptualizes its world provides yet another foundation for word meanings. We will examine each of these perspectives, and consider ways to integrate them.

These resources are developed by ELPA and align with the ELP standards. They are organized by grade band and domain. They are designed to be used as lessons and for test practice.