For a semester-length course, all seven chapters can be covered. For a shorter course, the book is designed so that chapters 1, 2, and 5 are the only ones that are required for continuity; any of the others can be included or omitted at the instructor’s discretion, with the only constraint being that chapter 6 requires chapter 4.

Short Description:
Return to milneopentextbooks.org to download PDF and other versions of this textNewParaA Concise Introduction to Logic is an introduction to formal logic suitable for undergraduates taking a general education course in logic or critical thinking, and is accessible and useful to any interested in gaining a basic understanding of logic. This text takes the unique approach of teaching logic through intellectual history; the author uses examples from important and celebrated arguments in philosophy to illustrate logical principles. The text also includes a basic introduction to findings of advanced logic. As indicators of where the student could go next with logic, the book closes with an overview of advanced topics, such as the axiomatic method, set theory, Peano arithmetic, and modal logic. Throughout, the text uses brief, concise chapters that readers will find easy to read and to review.

Long Description:
A Concise Introduction to Logic is an introduction to formal logic suitable for undergraduates taking a general education course in logic or critical thinking, and is accessible and useful to any interested in gaining a basic understanding of logic. This text takes the unique approach of teaching logic through intellectual history; the author uses examples from important and celebrated arguments in philosophy to illustrate logical principles. The text also includes a basic introduction to findings of advanced logic. As indicators of where the student could go next with logic, the book closes with an overview of advanced topics, such as the axiomatic method, set theory, Peano arithmetic, and modal logic. Throughout, the text uses brief, concise chapters that readers will find easy to read and to review.

Word Count: 68574

ISBN: 978-1-942341-42-0

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Lecture notes on limitations of the value at risk model, and conditinal value at risk models for financial risk management

Basic principles of learning are always operating and always influencing human behavior. This module discusses the two most fundamental forms of learning -- classical (Pavlovian) and instrumental (operant) conditioning. Through them, we respectively learn to associate 1) stimuli in the environment, or 2) our own behaviors, with significant events, such as rewards and punishments. The two types of learning have been intensively studied because they have powerful effects on behavior, and because they provide methods that allow scientists to analyze learning processes rigorously. This module describes some of the most important things you need to know about classical and instrumental conditioning, and it illustrates some of the many ways they help us understand normal and disordered behavior in humans. The module concludes by introducing the concept of observational learning, which is a form of learning that is largely distinct from classical and operant conditioning.

Do you think that a majority vote is always the fairest way to reach a consensus? Think again! In this video, Professor Diana Thomas of Creighton University explains that it is very easy for a savvy politician to dictate the winner of a vote using Condorcet’s Paradox.

The Middle East’s geographical and strategic uniqueness has made every great power in history to seek to advance its interests in the region. Yet, the region constitutes the greatest single reserve of oil in the world, which has made it a regular source of foreign interference in the post-World War II era. In addition to its geographical and strategic uniqueness, the Middle East is the birthplace and spiritual center of the world’s three most important monotheistic religions. Due to its geopolitical importance, any inter- and intra-state conflict in the Middle East has the potential not only for destabilizing the region as a whole or upsetting the regional balance of power but also affecting global stability. After employing the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) in order to define and delimit the region of the Middle East, the chapters of this book address the question of regional order, examine how regionalism and globalism feature in Middle Eastern integration processes, explore regional bids for hegemony, and investigate the approaches and policies of major international actors.

This webinar (recorded Sept. 27, 2017) introduces how to connect other services as add-ons to projects on the Open Science Framework (OSF; https://osf.io). Connecting services to your OSF projects via add-ons enables you to pull together the different parts of your research efforts without having to switch away from tools and workflows you wish to continue using. The OSF is a free, open source web application built to help researchers manage their workflows. The OSF is part collaboration tool, part version control software, and part data archive. The OSF connects to popular tools researchers already use, like Dropbox, Box, Github and Mendeley, to streamline workflows and increase efficiency.

Everyone has their own view of the nature of consciousness based on their education and background. The intention of this book is to expand this view by providing an insight into the various ideas and beliefs on the subject as well as a review of current work in neuroscience. The neuroscientist should find the philosophical discussion interesting because this provides first-person insights into the nature of consciousness and also provides some subtle arguments about why consciousness is not a simple problem. The student of philosophy will find a useful introduction to the subject and information about neuroscience and physics that is difficult to acquire elsewhere.

This video will go over three issues that can arise when scientific studies have low statistical power. All materials shown in the video, as well as the content from our other videos, can be found here: https://osf.io/7gqsi/

This book fosters the recognition of options for making progress toward increased environmental conservation through an understanding of the underlying science and practice of a variety of conservation techniques. Today, there are expected benefits from integrated science and practice, and many people are promoting this as the way forward to improve our environment. Over time, trends emerge regarding the best way to conserve the environment, but so far an outstanding solution has not emerged. Each conservation technique has its foundational concepts, limitations, and implementation issues. Reviewing a collection of techniques provides a basis for considering which approach will be best for any specific environmental challenge. This book should advance the recognition of the challenges managing the environment, techniques that can be used to address the challenges, and the ways they might help foster the integration of science and the practice of ecological conservation.

This simulation shows the difference between Constant Velocity vs. Constant Acceleration هذه المحاكاة تبين الفرق بين السرعه الثابته والتسارع المستمر في الفيزياء

The simulation shows five different motions in which objects experience constant acceleration, starting from rest. Although each motion is different, the underlying physics is the same. What features of the simulation reinforce the idea that the physics is the same?

About Construction Contracting: Business and Legal Principles, 2nd edition by Stuart H. Bartholomew: Exceptionally practical and authoritative, this introduction to construction contracting as it applies to typical, every-day situations explains “theoretical” ideas in terms of what really happens in practice. It emphasizes the more common case law holdings and industry customs that help avoid troublesome legal issues during the completion of a project. - Provided by previous publisher.

Have you adopted this book for a course? We'd love to know. Please complete the adoption form at: https://bit.ly/construction_contracting

Find me free online in PDF at
https://doi.org/10.21061/constructioncontracting2e

Find me free online in Pressbooks at
https://pressbooks.lib.vt.edu/constructioncontracting

Table of Contents
1. Interface of the Law with the Construction Industry
2. Contract Formation, Privity of Contract, and Other Contract Relationships
3. The Prime Contract - An Overview
4. Prime Contract - Format and Major Components
5. Owner-Construction Contractor Prime Contract "Red Flag" Clauses
6. Labor Agreements
7. Purchase Order and Subcontract Agreements
8. Insurance Contracts
9. Surety Bonds
10. Joint-Venture Agreements
11. Bid and Proposals
12. Mistakes in Bids
13. Breach of Contract
14. Contract Changes
15. Differing Site Conditions
16. Delays, Suspensions, and Terminations
17. Liquidated Damages, Force Majeure, and Time Extensions
18. Allocating Responsibility for Delays
19. Constructive Acceleration
20. Common Rules of Contract Interpretation
21. Documentation and Records
22. Construction Contract Claims
23. Dispute Resolution

Published in 2002 as ISBN 1-13-091055-4 | Rights reverted to estate 2022 | Published by the Open Education Initiative of the University Libraries at Virginia Tech 2022 as ISBN 978-1-957213-20-0 under CC BY NC SA 4.0.

(c) Estate of Stuart H. Bartholomew. Released with permission by the University Libraries at Virginia Tech under Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial- ShareAlike (CC BY NC-SA) 4.0 License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode This material was previously published by Pearson Education, Inc.

Any derivatives of this work must comply with the requirements of the Creative Commons license and include the following statement, “This material was previously published by Pearson Education, Inc.”

Accessibility Statement: The Open Education Initiative at the University Libraries at Virginia Tech is committed to making its publications accessible in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The PDF and online versions of this book utilizes header structures and alternative text which allow for machine readability and navigation.

Note to users: This work may contain components (e.g., illustrations, or quotations) not covered by the license. Every effort has been made to identify these components but ultimately it is your responsibility to independently evaluate the copyright status of any work or component part of a work you use, in light of your intended use.

A Guide for Navigating Safely in the Modern World

Word Count: 20232

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

This Wikibook is about educational psychology—the study of how learning and teaching occur in educational settings.

Short Description:
This openly licensed text, created with students, approaches the current status of contemporary families in the U.S. from an equity lens. It asks and answers the questions “What do families need?” and “How do society and institutions support or get in the way of families getting what they need?" Original content is licensed under CC BY, except as otherwise noted. More specific information can be found under Licenses and Attributions at the bottom of each section. Print copy: https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/elizabeth-pearce/contemporary-families/paperback/product-rjq8mm.html

Long Description:
This openly licensed text approaches contemporary families from an equity lens. It was created by a Human Development and Family Services (HDFS) faculty member and 13 students from a variety of majors at Linn-Benton Community College (LBCC), using an open pedagogy approach. It asks two questions relevant to the Difference, Power, and Discrimination outcomes at LBCC: “What do families need?” and “ How do society and institutions support or get in the way of families getting what they need?” This book includes remixed content. Please note that some sections may have more restrictive licenses, and some all rights reserved content is included under fair use. More specific information can be found under Licenses and Attributions at the bottom of each section. Print copy: https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/elizabeth-pearce/contemporary-families/paperback/product-rjq8mm.html

Word Count: 97187

ISBN: 978-1-63635-078-3

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Teachers are required to implement the adopted content standards and to make the connection between standards-based curriculum and the planning and designing of lessons to ensure that students meet expected content standards. This Module serves as a basic guide for the process (est. completion time: 2.5 hours).

This book covers original research on the implementation of open educational practices through the use of open educational resources at the university level. The emphasis on open education in this book is on contextualising resources, supporting student agency and fostering self-directed learning specifically within a South African milieu. The envisaged chapters cover conceptual and review research and empirical work focussing on open educational practices and the use of renewable assessments. The work starts off with an overview of an institutional-wide open education project that prompted the research followed by research on open education in terms of various modules in the health science, music education, law, philosophy, dietetics, anthropology, French language learning, journalism and political science. There is a clear gap in the literature on open education in terms of open educational practices, specifically in terms of contextualising resources, supporting student agency and fostering self-directed learning in a South African context. Despite the existence of some general works on open education in terms of policy, social justice and open textbooks, this book will be unique in exploring the intersections of openness, specifically with contextualisation, student agency and self-directedness.

This is Volume 1 in a three volume series written for Contracts Law. The first semester of law school is mostly about learning to speak a new legal language (but emphatically not ŇlegaleseÓ), to formulate and evaluate legal arguments, to become comfortable with the distinctive style of legal analysis. We could teach these skills using almost any legal topic. But we begin the first-year curriculum with subjects that pervade the entire field of law. Contract principles have a long history and they form a significant part of the way that lawyers think about many legal problems. As you will discover when you study insurance law, employment law, family law, and dozens of other practice areas, your knowledge of contract doctrine and theory will be invaluable.