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02: The New South | How the Monuments Came Down
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Learn how enslaved African Americans in Richmond, Virginia, established what a historian in this clip calls “quasi-free communities, where they etched out lives for themselves, that paved the way forward.”  This resource is part of the How the Monuments Came Down collection, created by Virginia Public Media.

Subject:
Social Science
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
02/01/2023
03: Decoration Day | How the Monuments Came Down
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Discover the differing approaches to memorialization among African Americans and white southerners, in Richmond, Virginia, in the years immediately after the Civil War.  This resource is part of the How the Monuments Came Down collection.

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
04: The Right to Vote | How the Monuments Came Down
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Discover how African American political organizing in Richmond, Virginia, in the first decades after the Civil War, secured a measure of power amid ongoing fights against injustice.   

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
05: Lee Memorialization | How the Monuments Came Down
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Discover how white southerners in Richmond, Virginia, honored General Robert E. Lee through a monument of his likeness unveiled in the former Confederate capital in 1890. 

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
06: John Mitchell, Jr. and Maggie L. Walker | How the Monuments Came Down
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Discover John Mitchell, Jr. and Maggie L Walker, two African American leaders in Richmond, Virginia, whom a historian in this clip refers to as “the vanguard” of Black resistance to white supremacy there. 

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
07: Lost Cause Narrative and Building Monument Avenue | How the Monuments Came Down
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Learn why white city leaders in Richmond, Virginia, in the early 20th century, embraced the nationwide “City Beautiful” movement through the construction of Monument Avenue, a grand boulevard lined with statues to Confederates. 

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
08: Caricatures of African Americans | How the Monuments Came Down
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Learn why blackface minstrelsy in the early 20th century sought to “parody and caricature Black ambition and achievement,” as explained by historians in this clip. Note to Teachers: The video clip, Caricatures of African Americans, includes depictions of blackface; in an effort to provide authentic and transparent resources about the historical experiences of Black Americans, these moments were not censored. 

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
09: Interstate 95 and the Destruction of Jackson Ward | How the Monuments Came Down
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Learn about Jackson Ward, a historic African American neighborhood in Richmond, Virginia, and why white city leaders supported the construction of an interstate highway through its center in the 1950s. 

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
10: Crusade for Voters | How the Monuments Came Down
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Discover the motivations, strategies, and success of the Crusade for Voters, a pathbreaking initiative that made possible the election of the first majority-Black city council in Richmond, Virginia, in 1977. 

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
11: First Majority-Black City Council | How the Monuments Came Down
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Learn why the first majority-Black city council in Richmond, Virginia, in the late 1970s, avoided discussion of the city’s Confederate monuments while attending to urgent crises of housing and education.  

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
12: Arthur Ashe | How the Monuments Came Down
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Learn about tennis champion Arthur Ashe, whose death spurred residents of his hometown of Richmond, Virginia, to honor him with a statue along a grand boulevard that had previously only featured statues of Confederates

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson Plan
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
13: African American Monuments | How the Monuments Came Down
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Learn how activists in Richmond, Virginia, are working to honor the lives of free and enslaved African Americans, in a city where the most prominent monuments had long celebrated Confederates. 

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
14: Maggie L. Walker Statue | How the Monuments Came Down
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See how descendants, community groups, and a National Park Service site worked together to establish a monument to Maggie L. Walker, an African American leader from Richmond, Virginia. 

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
15: Monument Avenue Commission | How the Monuments Came Down
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Learn how a mayoral commission attempted to reckon with Confederate monuments in Richmond, Virginia—and how political scandal and electoral change helped reshape the city’s statuary landscape. Note to Teachers:Some of these video clips include depictions of blackface; in an effort to provide authentic and transparent resources about the historical experiences of Black Americans, these moments were not censored. Sensitive: This resource contains material that may be sensitive for some students. Teachers should exercise discretion in evaluating whether this resource is suitable for their class.

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
16: Summer 2020 | How the Monuments Came Down
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Discover why protests in Richmond, Virginia, following the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis, centered on Monument Avenue—a grand boulevard then-lined with statues of Confederates.

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Lesson Plan
Primary Source
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
17: Removal of Monuments | How the Monuments Came Down
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See the removal of Confederate monuments in Richmond, Virginia—first, through direct action by protestors, and then by city-ordered cranes—amid summer 2020 protests against systemic racism following the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis. 

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
18: Marcus-David Peters and Systemic Racism | How the Monuments Came Down
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Learn about Marcus-David Peters, a teacher in Richmond, Virginia, who was killed by police while having a mental health crisis, and why activists there see his death as one of many examples of how white supremacy endures in the city even as Confederate statues have been removed. 

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
19: How the Monuments Came Down Additional Resources
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How the Monuments Came Down explores the complex history of Richmond, Virginia through the lens of Confederate monuments, supported by an extensive visual record never before presented in a single work.Through personal stories from descendants and history-makers, the film uncovers how Confederate monuments came to shape Richmond’s landscape and why protestors demanded they come down.How the Monuments Came Down is a production of Field Studio, in association with VPM.

Subject:
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson
Primary Source
Reading
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Author:
Trish Reed
Date Added:
10/06/2021
Arms of Ye Confederacie
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Public Domain
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A small card bearing a vitriolic indictment of the Confederacy. The artist particularly attacks the the institution of slavery, the foundation of Southern economy. A large shield is flanked by two figures: a planter (left) and a slave. The planter wears spurs and a broad-brimmed hat and smokes a cigar. The slave is clad only in breeches, and his hands are manacled. Above the shield are two crossed flags, the Confederate flag and one bearing a skull and crossbones and the number 290. Between the flags are a rooster and a streamer with the motto "servitudo esto perpetua." On the shield are images associated with the South: a mint julep, a bottle of "Old Rye," a pistol and dagger, a whip and manacles, cotton, tobacco, and sugar plants, and slaves hoeing. In the background left, dominated by the palmetto tree of South Carolina, three planters, one holding a whip, play cards at a table. Beyond, two men duel with pistols. On the right, a female slave is auctioned as two slave children stand by and a black woman watches from a cabin doorway.|G.H. Heap Inv. [i.e., published].|H.H. Tilley Del. et Sc.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1862-13.

Subject:
History
U.S. History
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Primary Source
Provider:
Library of Congress
Provider Set:
Library of Congress - Cartoons 1766-1876
Date Added:
06/08/2013
The Civil War and Reconstruction
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Although attention will be devoted to the causes and long-term consequences of the Civil War, this class will focus primarily on the war years (1861-1865) with special emphasis on the military and technological aspects of the conflict. Four questions, long debated by historians, will receive close scrutiny:

What caused the war?
Why did the North win the war?
Could the South have won?
To what extent is the Civil War America’s “defining moment”?

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
History
Philosophy
Political Science
Social Science
U.S. History
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
MIT
Provider Set:
MIT OpenCourseWare
Author:
Smith, Merritt
Date Added:
09/01/2005