This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Cooling towers are home to unique ecosystems of microorganisms. While many are harmless, some are pathogenic. Cooling towers have been linked to many outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease, a severe pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria. A new study sought to identify microorganisms associated with cooling tower colonization by Legionella. Researchers identified complex ecological networks highlighting the importance of other bacteria and primary producers. For example, the presence of Brevundimonas bacteria was associated with higher levels of Legionella. Brevundimonas is prey for a Legionella host species, Tetrahymena. But Brevundimonas also directly stimulated the growth of Legionella in laboratory experiments. This study suggests that the Legionella host community is not the only factor that leads to Legionella outbreaks. Entire groups of microorganisms and their interactions play complex roles. Future work is needed to better understand these networks and how they vary over time..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Managing wastewater is a major logistical puzzle that impacts the environment, the climate, and public health. While metropolitan wastewater typically undergoes complex processing and sanitation, rural livestock wastewater is often simply composted for fertilizer, but composting can release harmful contaminants like ammonia, CO₂, and methane. One way to still capture the nutrients with fewer harmful byproducts is by cultivating microalgae, which actually absorb CO₂ via photosynthesis rather than producing it. But how do microalgae impact pathogens? A recent pilot study using raw piggery wastewater found that microalgae cultivation dramatically reduced the pathogen load while also triggering a dramatic shift in the overall bacterial community composition. Further investigation using the most abundant pathogen, Oligella, found that the microalgae weren’t impacting Oligella directly. Rather, microalgae cultivation reduced Oligella abundance through a network of other bacterial species..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Introduction to the Modeling and Analysis of Complex Systems introduces students to mathematical/computational modeling and analysis developed in the emerging interdisciplinary field of Complex Systems Science. Complex systems are systems made of a large number of microscopic components interacting with each other in nontrivial ways. Many real-world systems can be understood as complex systems, where critically important information resides in the relationships between the parts and not necessarily within the parts themselves. This textbook offers an accessible yet technically-oriented introduction to the modeling and analysis of complex systems. The topics covered include: fundamentals of modeling, basics of dynamical systems, discrete-time models, continuous-time models, bifurcations, chaos, cellular automata, continuous field models, static networks, dynamic networks, and agent-based models. Most of these topics are discussed in two chapters, one focusing on computational modeling and the other on mathematical analysis. This unique approach provides a comprehensive view of related concepts and techniques, and allows readers and instructors to flexibly choose relevant materials based on their objectives and needs. Python sample codes are provided for each modeling example.

The class will cover quantitative techniques of Operations Research with emphasis on applications in transportation systems analysis (urban, air, ocean, highway, pick-up and delivery systems) and in the planning and design of logistically oriented urban service systems (e.g., fire and police departments, emergency medical services, emergency repair services). It presents a unified study of functions of random variables, geometrical probability, multi-server queueing theory, spatial location theory, network analysis and graph theory, and relevant methods of simulation. There will be discussion focused on the difficulty of implementation, among other topics.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Wastewater treatment plants are a critical piece of infrastructure that depend on microbes, both resident and incoming. Incoming microbes can be beneficial but may include parasites that need to be removed. Resident microbes, meanwhile, help break down organic waste. While much is known about bacteria in wastewater treatment plants, eukaryotes are frequently overlooked. Recently, researchers examined the whole microbiome of 10 wastewater treatment plants in Switzerland. They utilized metagenomics to measure which microbes were present and metatranscriptomics to analyze their activity. Bacteria were the most numerous— but eukaryotes, particularly protists, showed the most activity, and there was a surprising number and range of active parasites, which were particularly prevalent in the inflow. Network analysis suggested predation by resident microbes likely helped remove parasites..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Deze cursus bestaat uit lesmodules te gebruiken in de bovenbouw van het Havo en het VWO met als onderwerp Optimaliseren in netwerken. Het materiaal is gemaakt door een kerngroep van vwo-docenten, aangevuld met universitaire medewerkers. Docenten kunnen er invulling mee geven aan het domein "Wiskunde in wetenschap" van het vak wiskunde D.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Soil-dwelling animals play critical roles in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the importance of these animals, little is known about their microbiomes. To address this, a recent study systematically characterized the microbiomes of ecologically important soil dwelling invertebrate groups across China. Each taxon of invertebrates had diverse microbiomes that contained ‘unique’ microbial taxa that were not found in surrounding soils. Both random effects and deterministic ones, like host selection, played a role in the microbial community assembly. The researchers also found several unidentified microbial taxa and evidence that this ‘microbial dark matter’ played potentially important ecological roles. When moving up the food web, the microbial diversity, the number of ‘unique’ taxa, and the ecological role of unknown taxa increased..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This course teaches students to conduct a systematic exploratory analysis for complex policy
problems in a multi-actor environment. The goal of such an exploratory analysis is to develop a
better understanding of the various dimensions involved in a complex problem, based on which an
agenda for meaningful further in-depth analysis activities can be developed.
The course consists of a part containing methods and applications, and a part containing theory to
provide insight into the capabilities and limitations of policy analyses within a multi-actor process.
Upon successful completion of the course, the student is able to structure complex policy problems
and set up an agenda for meaningful subsequent analysis.

This is a first course in project management, one in which students will learn the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to be an effective project manager. They will learn how to plan, execute, and monitor a project. The course will cover the latest theories and concepts on scoping, stakeholder management, team leadership, budgeting and contracting, scheduling, quality control and assurance, and risk management. Students will have the option to apply their learning to a real-world project. 

This learning module (Lesson 3 of Unit 5) is part of a course called Project Management Fundamentals and may either be completed individually as a stand-alone topic, or part of a trio of learning modules on time management, or as part of the course.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Microbial communities strongly affect biogeochemical cycles, ecosystems, and human health. Although studying microbial functions in these incredibly diverse communities was once difficult, new approaches are making it easier. One such approach, metaproteomics, enables scientists to study changes in the expression of microbial proteins over space and time and provides important insights into gene-protein links and microbial functions. The new Metaproteomics Initiative seeks to establish a central hub for the discussion, standardization, and improvement of metaproteomics methods in order to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and advancement of this relatively new field of microbiome research. This initiative, sponsored by the European Proteomics Association, will feature a website, a social media presence, and various platforms and resources for education and communication..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Freshwater salinization, which can be caused by saltwater intrusion, urbanization, and climate change, is becoming an extensive global environmental problem. Microeukaryotic plankton are key components of aquatic ecosystems and play significant ecological roles. However, few studies have investigated the influences of small salinity shifts on microeukaryotic plankton community assembly and co-occurrence networks in inland freshwaters. In a recent study, researchers used high-throughput sequencing to analyze microeukaryotic plankton communities in a subtropical urban reservoir. They found that increasing salinity altered the community composition and led to a significant decrease in plankton diversity. The salinity changes influenced the microeukaryotic plankton community assembly primarily by regulating the deterministic-stochastic balance. The core plankton sub-network had greater robustness at low salinity levels, while the satellite sub-networks had greater robustness at medium/high salinity levels..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Do you know how important GIS is to the transportation industry? The spatial applications to this field are so extensive that they represent an entire sub-discipline within the GIS community. In this course, we'll learn about the primary modes of transportation and explore some of the spatial applications developed to meet the unique needs of each. We'll also take a close look at some key organizations in the industry and learn firsthand from more than a dozen transportation professionals about the role GIS plays for them. Throughout the course, we'll study GIS concepts and techniques that are fundamental to transportation and get hands-on experience with tools such as Esri's Network Analyst and Esri's Roads and Highways.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Ticks act as vectors for many zoonotic pathogens and are an increasing threat to human and animal health, but tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are not the only important residents inside ticks; they coexist with many other microorganisms. Tick microbial communities can affect tick health and immunity, and they can also interact directly with tick-borne pathogens. A recent study sought to characterize tick-borne microbes and their temporal dynamics and interactions. Using high-throughput sequencing, researchers studied the dynamics of microbes in specimens of the tick species Ixodes ricinus collected over 3 years in a peri-urban forest. They found that around 75% of sequences belonged to maternally inherited bacterial genera. The structure of the tick microbiota varied over time, with the greatest changes driven by environmental microbes..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Solid organ transplant recipients need immunosuppressive therapy for the rest of their lives and have more distinct virus populations in their microbiome than people without suppressed immune systems. But we do not yet know if, or how much, the donor’s virome impacts the recipient’s virome, particularly in parts of the body other than the transplanted organ. To narrow this gap, a recent study applied a data modeling approach to the viral communities in the airway and plasma of lung transplant recipients. Differences between plasma and airway viromes increased during the first year after implantation, but the viromes from the same body site and in different patients became more similar over time. Time after transplantation was significantly associated with virome composition variance for airway samples but not plasma samples..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The interactions between viruses and prokaryotes play a key role in shaping microbiomes. However, little is known about the factors influencing host-virus interaction networks, especially when it comes to host factors. To close this gap, researchers constructed a host-provirus network out of over 7,000 species-level prokaryote genomes from many environments. Proviruses are virus genomes that have been integrated into the host genome, allowing researchers to detect them from available genomic datasets. Using this host-provirus network, the researchers then calculated the host interaction specialization, which quantifies how specialized a given host is in relation to the available interacting virus partners. Broadly, fast growing prokaryotes showed less virus specificity than slow growers. This negative growth rate-specialization relationship was widespread across the Earth’s microbiomes..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The rumen is the largest compartment of the ruminant forestomach and houses a complex microbiome. That microbiome greatly influences gut energy harvesting capacity. Improving our understanding of the mechanisms that influence energy harvesting capacity could be used to optimize ruminant feed efficiency and management. Thus, researchers recently examined temporal ecological interactions at the plant-biofilm interface by incubating fresh perennial ryegrass in cattle rumens and analyzing the bacterial diversity and gene expression at several time points. Network analysis identified two sub-microbiomes. They represented the primary (<4h) and secondary (>4h) colonization phases. Several of the most transcriptionally active microbial families didn't interact with either sub-microbiome, which suggests non-cooperative behavior. Conversely, the putative keystone families of each sub-microbiome had low transcriptional activity..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.