This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Vitamin D guidelines are currently in a state of paralysis. The problem: the numerous competing ways of measuring levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, a slightly modified form of vitamin D in the body. This lack of standardization has produced three conflicting sets of guidelines for defining vitamin D status across the globe, those from the UK, the US, and the Endocrine Society. The guidelines from the UK and US set similar standards, defining vitamin D deficiency as 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations less than 10 to 12 nanograms per milliliter. This is the standard typically adopted by government-sponsored committees. Non-governmental organizations, however, tend to adopt the guideline set by the Endocrine Society, which defines deficiency as 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations less than 20 nanograms per milliliter. Despite a wealth of data on vitamin D and how to measure it, a worldwide consensus on determining vitamin D status remains elusive..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A recent analysis suggests that ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor (or PI), is tolerable and enhances therapeutic responses in patients with multiple myeloma. Ixazomib is approved for use in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for patients who have already received 1 or more prior therapy. The promising results obtained for non-transplant patients taking ixazomib alone, if their disease has responded to primary induction therapy, point to a new possible treatment option for multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a form of cancer that develops in bone marrow. Here, the body normally generates white blood cells that help fight off infection. But in multiple myeloma, malignant cells gradually crowd out these disease-fighting cells, compromising the body’s immune response, while also damaging the bones. The malignant cells also secrete large amounts of a non-functional protein which leads to kidney failure and other harms..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Biopharmaceuticals, protein-based drugs manufactured by living cells, are some of the most powerful and effective drugs leading the fight against numerous diseases. But producing them is a notoriously difficult business. Growth conditions, purification procedures, and formulation requirements can unintentionally change the protein structure of these drugs, altering their efficacy and toxicity. Testing for these modifications is therefore crucial. But current methods are cumbersome and don’t provide the throughput and real-time analytics that today’s rapidly growing biopharma industry desperately needs to control their development and manufacturing efforts. Now, there’s a solution. Introducing Intabio’s Blaze system. The Blaze platform performs a comprehensive analysis of biopharmaceutical product quality with 100 times higher throughput than traditional approaches..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Students learn about various crystals, such as kidney stones, within the human body. They also learn about how crystals grow and ways to inhibit their growth. They also learn how researchers such as chemical engineers design drugs with the intent to inhibit crystal growth for medical treatment purposes and the factors they face when attempting to implement their designs. A day before presenting this lesson to students, conduct the associated activity, Rock Candy Your Body.

This open online textbook on Environmental Toxicology aims at covering the field in its full width, including aspects of environmental chemistry, ecotoxicology, toxicology and risk assessment. With that, it will contribute to improving the quality, continuity and transparency of the education in environmental toxicology. We also want to make sure that fundamental insights on fate and effects of chemicals gained in the past are combined with recent approaches of effect assessment and molecular analysis of mechanisms causing toxicity.

Students are challenged to think as biomedical engineers and brainstorm ways to administer medication to a patient who is unable to swallow. They learn about the advantages and disadvantages of current drug delivery methods—oral, injection, topical, inhalation and suppository—and pharmaceutical design considerations, including toxicity, efficacy, size, solubility/bioavailability and drug release duration. They apply their prior knowledge about human anatomy, the circulatory system, polymers, crystals and stoichiometry to real-world biomedical applications. A Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation and worksheets are provided. This lesson prepares students for the associated activity in which they create and test large-size drug encapsulation prototypes to provide the desired delayed release and duration timing.

Dense populations of some microscopic algae (phytoplankton) in ocean waters can contaminate seafood, resulting in serious health problems for humans. Satellite data displayed in an online tool help fishermen monitor and avoid these harmful algal blooms.

Students learn how crystallization and inhibition occur by examining calcium oxalate crystals with and without inhibitors that are capable of altering crystallization. Kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate crystals, and engineers and doctors experiment with these crystals to determine how growth is affected when a potential drug is introduced. Students play the role of engineers by trying to determine which inhibitor would be the best for blocking crystallization.

This resource provides a set of narrated animations demonstrating the normal and toxic actions within the axon and/or synapse of neurons. A brief overview of the neuron structure and neuron-to-neuron communication is presented first. Next, axon normal functions and synapse normal functions are presented in small segments. Each set of normal functions are followed by the associated toxic actions (pyrethroid toxicity of the axon, organophosphate toxicity and neonicotinoid toxicity of the synapse, and DDT toxicity occurring in both the axon and the synapse). The interface allows the user to compare and contrast the normal functions with those with toxic actions.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"In June of 2017, public concern grew after traces of the fluorochemical GenX were detected in the Cape Fear River, a source of drinking water for several communities in North Carolina. Up to that point, regulators had not defined an acceptable level for drinking water. Now, a team of researchers has shed much-needed light on the matter. Based on data gathered from numerous toxicity studies in laboratory animals, they’ve established a drinking water guideline of 70 parts per billion. That figure could help regulators and citizens gauge safe from unsafe levels of the chemical. GenX is a processing aid used in the manufacture of fluoropolymers, compounds found in a variety of consumer and industrial products, including medical devices, tank and pipe linings, packaging for lithium-ion batteries, and cookware coatings. While important to the manufacture of fluoropolymers, GenX itself is not a component of these products..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

The object of the course is to teach students an approach to the study of pharmacologic agents. It is not intended to be a review of the pharmacopoeia. The focus is on the basic principles of biophysics, biochemistry and physiology, as related to the mechanisms of drug action, biodistribution and metabolism. The course consists of lectures and student-led case discussions. Topics covered include: mechanisms of drug action, dose-response relations, pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems, drug metabolism, toxicity of pharmacological agents, drug interaction and substance abuse. Selected agents and classes of agents are examined in detail.

The ToxMSDT program is providing 6 case study learning modules to toxicology curious students, professionals and the general public.

Students see and learn how crystallization and inhibition occur by making sugar crystals with and without additives in a supersaturation solution, testing to see how the additives may alter crystallization, such as by improving crystal growth by more or larger crystals. After three days, students analyze the differences between the control crystals and those grown with additives, researching and attempting to deduce why certain additives blocked crystallization, showed no change or improved growth. Students relate what they learn from the rock candy experimentation to engineering drug researchers who design medicines for targeted purposes in the human body. Conduct the first half of this activity one day before presenting the associated lesson, Body Full of Crystals. Then conduct the second half of the activity.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Roundup is the most widely used non-selective herbicide, but it’s also one of the most controversial on the market. Much evidence about Roundup's safety is based on toxicity tests that, despite being outdated, are routinely used by regulators and say little about the long-term, sublethal effects of Roundup or its active ingredient glyphosate. Now, a new study has taken a systems biology approach to examine the effects of Roundup on organisms at at the genomic and fitness level. Daphnia are not a Roundup target but are exposed to the herbicide through run-off from farmlands and they are central to aquatic food webs. In the lab, Daphnia were exposed to the regulatory threshold concentration of glyphosate and Roundup. Researchers found that chronic exposure to either chemical had highly detrimental effects including embryonic developmental failure, DNA damage, and signaling interference. Daphnia also showed changes in their microbiome and disruptions in metabolism..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Nanotechnology has long held the promise of a better tomorrow. But it’s not without controversy. In a popular doomsday scenario, for example, we find our planet engulfed by self-replicating nano-bots, a runaway programming error in a nanomaterial designed to clean up the environment. True, the scenario is science fiction rather than science fact, but it does touch on the fear that nanomaterials pose a public health risk. Tiny nanoparticles can, in fact, nestle themselves in our bodies with a single breath. The question is, how long do they stay there? A UK study suggests that the long-term accumulation of nanoparticles in the vital organs of rats warrants a closer look at the bodily effects of nanomaterials. Most animal studies have shown that breathable nanoparticles that are lodged in the lungs are typically cleared within a few months, with fewer than 1 percent traveling to other organs, such as the brain, liver, or kidneys..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.