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  • National Archives and Records Administration
Drawing of a Raft 02/14/1818
Read the Fine Print
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On February 14, 1818, David Gordon received a patent for his raft design. When a patent is granted, it excludes others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling the invention. This drawing accompanied Gordon’s application.

Subject:
History
U.S. History
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Primary Source
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Provider Set:
DocsTeach
Date Added:
02/14/1818
The Eighth Avenue trolley, New York City (1904)
Read the Fine Print
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The Eighth Avenue trolley, New York City, sharing the street with horse-drawn produce wagon and an open automobile. Downtown, looking north (1904)

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Primary Source
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Provider Set:
DocsTeach
Date Added:
01/01/1904
Executive Order 9981: Desegregation of the Armed Forces (1948)
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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On July 26, 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed this executive order establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, committing the U.S. government to integrating the segregated military. Read and see the document here.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
Material Type:
Primary Source
Reading
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Provider Set:
www.ourdocs.gov
Author:
Harry S. Truman
Date Added:
07/26/1948
The Homestead Act of 1862
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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This lesson recounts efforts to improve homesteading laws and make land ownership possible for more settlers. The distribution of government lands had been an issue since the Revolutionary War. Preemption -- settling the land first and paying for it later -- became national policy; however, supporting legislation was stymied until the secession of Southern states. See one of the first applications for land under this law. Teaching activities are included.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
History
U.S. History
Material Type:
Lesson Plan
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Date Added:
12/13/2005
How Effective Were the Efforts of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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Students will analyze documents from the War Department’s Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands — better known as the Freedmen’s Bureau — that Congress established on March 3, 1865, as the Civil War was coming to an end. Using the scale in Weighing the Evidence, students will evaluate the effectiveness of the Freedmen’s Bureau in assisting formerly enslaved persons. Learning Objectives: Students will be able to identify and draw conclusions about the roles of the Freedmen’s Bureau (Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands), critically analyze primary sources, formulate opinions about the effectiveness of the Bureau, and back up their opinions verbally or in writing.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
English Language Arts
Reading Informational Text
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Diagram/Illustration
Interactive
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Author:
National Archives Education Team
Date Added:
12/08/2012
How Effective Were the Efforts of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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This lesson leads students through analyzing primary source documents from the Civil War to determine if the Freedman's Bureaus was effective in assisting formerly enslaved persons.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
Material Type:
Lesson Plan
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Provider Set:
DocsTeach
Date Added:
07/12/2014
How Effective were the Efforts of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
Rating
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In this activity, students will analyze documents from the War Department’s Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands — better known as the Freedmen’s Bureau — that Congress established on March 3, 1865, as the Civil War was coming to an end. Using the scale in Weighing the Evidence, students will evaluate the effectiveness of the Freedmen's Bureau in assisting formerly enslaved persons.

Subject:
History
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Provider Set:
DocsTeach
Author:
National Archives
Date Added:
07/08/2022
Images of the American Revolution
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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This lesson focuses on the American Revolution, which encouraged the founding fathers' desire to create a government that would, as stated in the Preamble, insure domestic tranquility and provide for the common defense. This lesson correlates to the National History Standards and the National Standards for Civics and Social Sciences.

Subject:
History
U.S. History
Material Type:
Lesson Plan
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Date Added:
08/04/2000
The Impact of Bloody Sunday in Selma
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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In this activity, students will examine documents from the FBI case file about Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama. They will answer questions to show understanding of the events that took place, and how the spread of information about Selma impacted the Civil Rights Movement. They will also be asked to think about whether the Federal Government would have acted differently if the FBI knew that the public may be able to see their files — the Government was not required to release records like this until the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) gave the public the right to request Federal agency records in 1966.

Subject:
History
U.S. History
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Provider Set:
DocsTeach
Author:
National Archives
Date Added:
07/08/2022
Judgment in Brown v. Board of Education
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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On May 17, 1954, in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (five separate cases consolidated under a single name), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that separate but equal public schools violated the 14th Amendment.

Subject:
History
U.S. History
Material Type:
Lesson
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Provider Set:
DocsTeach
Date Added:
12/11/2020
Judgment in the U.S. Supreme Court Case Dred Scott v. John F. A. Sandford
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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In this ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court stated that slaves were not citizens of the United States and, therefore, could not expect any protection from the Federal Government or the courts. The opinion also stated that Congress had no authority to ban slavery from a Federal territory.

Subject:
History
U.S. History
Material Type:
Lesson
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Provider Set:
DocsTeach
Date Added:
12/11/2020
Launching the New U.S. Navy
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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This lesson tells how and why our Navy was created. After the Revolutionary War, Barbary pirates preyed on American vessels and held seamen for ransom. In 1794, Congress reestablished the Navy with authorization for six vessels.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
History
U.S. History
Material Type:
Lesson Plan
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Date Added:
10/28/2003
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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This lesson presents 13 documents and photos related to the 1804-6 expedition into the newly acquired Louisiana Territory. The documents include a list of Indian presents Lewis purchased, his receipts for wine and tobacco, Jefferson's letter to Madison announcing the purchase of Louisiana, and Jefferson's message to Congress communicating the discoveries of the expedition.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
History
U.S. History
Material Type:
Lesson Plan
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Date Added:
08/07/2000
Magna Carta Translation
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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Magna Carta (Latin for Great Charter) is an Angevin charter originally issued in Latin in June 1215. The
Magna Carta was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their rights.
The charter is widely known throughout the English speaking world as an important part of the protracted historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law in England and beyond. Read a translation into English here.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
Political Science
Social Science
Material Type:
Primary Source
Reading
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Date Added:
03/20/2014
Map Analysis Worksheet - Intermediate
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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The following map analysis worksheet was designed and developed by the Education Staff of the National Archives and Records Administration. You may find this worksheet useful as you introduce students to maps as primary sources of historical, social and cultural information.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
Cultural Geography
Social Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Provider Set:
Teaching With Documents
Date Added:
01/25/2023
Map Analysis Worksheet - Novice
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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The following map analysis worksheet was designed and developed by the Education Staff of the National Archives and Records Administration. You may find this worksheet useful as you introduce students to maps as primary sources of historical, social and cultural information.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
Cultural Geography
Social Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Primary Source
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Provider Set:
Teaching With Documents
Date Added:
01/22/2014
Maps of Indian Territory, the Dawes Act, and Will Rogers' Enrollment Case File
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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This lesson encourages students to study a variety of documents to understand the impact of a particular piece of legislation and relates to the powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8 , of the Constitution, related to making laws. It correlates to the National History Standards and the National Standards for Civics and Social Sciences. It also has cross-curricular connections with with history, government, global studies, and music.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
General Law
Law
Material Type:
Case Study
Lesson Plan
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Date Added:
07/21/2000
Mary Bethune Sculpture
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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This photograph of a sculpture of Mary McLeod Bethune by Selma Hortense Burke is part of Harmon Foundation Collection. The Harmon Foundation, a nonprofit, private foundation active from 1922 to 1967, helped foster an awareness of African art. African artists would send their artworks to the United States for exhibit and sale. When the foundation ended its activities in 1967, it donated its entire collection of motion pictures, filmstrips, color slides, and black and white prints and negatives on a variety of subjects to the National Archives. Selma Hortense Burke (b. December 31, 1900, Mooresville, North Carolina - d. August 29, 1995, New Hope, Pennsylvania) was an American sculptor, educator, and member of the Harlem Renaissance movement. Burke created many pieces of public art, often portraits of prominent African-American figures like Duke Ellington, Mary McLeod Bethune and Booker T. Washington. She received national recognition for her relief portrait of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, which was the model for his image on the dime. In 1979, Burke was awarded the Women's Caucus for Art Lifetime Achievement Award.Learn more on our main National Archives website.

Subject:
History
U.S. History
Material Type:
Primary Source
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Provider Set:
DocsTeach
Author:
National Archives
Date Added:
07/08/2022
Mary McLeod Bethune
Unrestricted Use
Public Domain
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This photograph is from series is a collection of black-and-white and color photographs of a set of oil paintings "Portraits of Outstanding Americans of Negro Origin" commissioned by the Harmon Foundation. The set originally comprised 22 portraits painted by Betsy Graves Reyneau and Laura Wheeler Waring. Overtime the number of paintings increased to 47.The Harmon Foundation, a nonprofit, private foundation active from 1922 to 1967, helped foster an awareness of African art. African artists would send their artworks to the United States for exhibit and sale. When the foundation ended its activities in 1967, it donated its entire collection of motion pictures, filmstrips, color slides, and black and white prints and negatives on a variety of subjects to the National Archives. Betsy Graves Reyneau (1888-1964) studied at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts shortly before World War I. She continued her studies in Cincinnati, Ohio; Paris, France and Rome, Italy. Following her studies, Reyneau maintained a studio in Detroit, MI for a number of years. Then in 1927, she moved permanently to Europe, only to leave 12 years later due to the rise of fascism.Returning to the United States, Reyneau was shocked by the overt racism that existed in the 1930s. She decided that by using her skills as a portrait painter she could do something that would make a difference in the country's perception of African Americans. Reyneau's determination eventually resulted in a set of portraits commissioned by the Harmon Foundation. The individuals chosen were prominent African Americans who had distinguished themselves by their service to humankind.Learn more on the National Archives website.

Subject:
History
U.S. History
Material Type:
Primary Source
Provider:
National Archives and Records Administration
Provider Set:
DocsTeach
Date Added:
07/08/2022