In this course we will cover central aspects of modern formal logic, …
In this course we will cover central aspects of modern formal logic, beginning with an explanation of what constitutes good reasoning. Topics will include validity and soundness of arguments, formal derivations, truth-functions, translations to and from a formal language, and truth-tables. We will thoroughly cover sentential calculus and predicate logic, including soundness and completeness results.
This course begins with an introduction to the theory of computability, then …
This course begins with an introduction to the theory of computability, then proceeds to a detailed study of its most illustrious result: Kurt Gödel’s theorem that, for any system of true arithmetical statements we might propose as an axiomatic basis for proving truths of arithmetic, there will be some arithmetical statements that we can recognize as true even though they don’t follow from the system of axioms. In my opinion, which is widely shared, this is the most important single result in the entire history of logic, important not only on its own right but for the many applications of the technique by which it’s proved. We’ll discuss some of these applications, among them: Church’s theorem that there is no algorithm for deciding when a formula is valid in the predicate calculus; Tarski’s theorem that the set of true sentence of a language isn’t definable within that language; and Gödel’s second incompleteness theorem, which says that no consistent system of axioms can prove its own consistency.
Short Description: It is important for students not only to get an …
Short Description: It is important for students not only to get an appreciation and understanding of philosophy but also to be exposed to the very words and ideas of those who have shaped our thinking over the centuries. Accordingly, the title of this collection hints at the facts that these readings are from the original sources and that these philosophers were the originators of many of the issues we still discuss today.
Long Description: It is important for students not only to get an appreciation and understanding of philosophy but also to be exposed to the very words and ideas of those who have shaped our thinking over the centuries. Accordingly, the title of this collection hints at the facts that these readings are from the original sources and that these philosophers were the originators of many of the issues we still discuss today.
Major areas of philosophy covered here are: Ethics, Epistemology, Metaphysics, Philosophy of Religion, Ethics, Socio-Political Philosophy, and finally, Aesthetics.
Word Count: 345914
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The purpose of this OER is to take a deeper dive into Chapter 12, What …
The purpose of this OER is to take a deeper dive into Chapter 12, What is Race? What is Gender?, from Nortons Introduction to Philosophy and The Metaphysics of Gender by Elizabeth Barnes. This OER contains my interpretation of the reading. There is a PowerPoint that breaks down the text and where I add my interpration into the reading. There are screenshots and certain parts highlighted to show important parts and further break down her comments, as well there are questions at the end to help involve the viewer. Gender is a topic that is prevelant in our everyday lives and it's important to look at why we all don't fit into this one word box that defines who we are as people.
This resource includes a set of activities, teacher guides, assessments, materials, and …
This resource includes a set of activities, teacher guides, assessments, materials, and more to assist educators in teaching about the ethics of artificial intelligence. These activities were developed at the MIT Media Lab to meet a growing need for children to understand artificial intelligence, its impact on society, and how they might shape the future of AI.
Medieval and early modern Russia stood at the crossroads of Europe and …
Medieval and early modern Russia stood at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. In this course we will examine some of the native developments and foreign influences which most affected the course of Russian history. Particular topics include the rise of the Kievan State, the Mongol Yoke, the rise of Muscovy, Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, relations with Western Europe. How did foreigners perceive Russia? How did those living in the Russian lands perceive foreigners? What social relations were developing between nobility and peasantry, town and country, women and men? What were the relations of each of these groups to the state? How did state formation come about in Kievan and Muscovite Russia? What were the political, religious, economic, and social factors affecting relations between state and society? In examining these questions we will consider a variety of sources including contemporary accounts (both domestic and foreign), legal and political documents, historical monographs and interpretive essays.
The course focuses on skills managers need to adapt to current sweeping …
The course focuses on skills managers need to adapt to current sweeping changes in the nature of work and the workforce, in business organizations and their roles in society, and in the institutions that interact with work, particularly the labor market, community and family-centered groups. This year’s teaching will be the basis for a workshop session at the Sloan School’s 50th Anniversary Convocation. The course will involve a mix of on-campus and off-campus students taking the course via distance learning, and professionals from a variety of organizations who will participate in specific modules of interest to them. One session will be linked to colleagues at Cambridge University in England where a parallel course is being offered. Managerial issues addressed are associated with managing changes and innovations occurring in the nature of work and organizations and the role of the corporation in society. Topics covered include the changing social contract at work, integrating work and family, managing diversity, managing strategic labor-management partnerships, and managing relations between the firm and its multiple stakeholders. Subject is open to distance learning as well as on-campus students and to industry participants.
This seminar focuses on the cognitive science of moral reasoning. Philosophers debate …
This seminar focuses on the cognitive science of moral reasoning. Philosophers debate how we decide which moral actions are permissible. Is it permissible to take one human life in order to save others? We have powerful and surprisingly rich and subtle intuitions to such questions. In this class, you will learn how intuitions can be studied using formal analytical paradigms and behavioral experiments. Thursday evening, meet to learn about recent advances in theories of moral reasoning. Overnight, formulate a hypothesis about the structure of moral reasoning and design a questionnaire-based experiment to test this. Friday, present and select 1-2 proposals and collect data; we will then reconvene to analyze and discuss results and implications for the structure of the moral mind. This course is offered during the Independent Activities Period (IAP), which is a special 4-week term at MIT that runs from the first week of January until the end of the month.
Weber on the Web is a project developed by sociology students at …
Weber on the Web is a project developed by sociology students at the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. The aim of the project is to collect quality information available on the Internet about Max Weber and Marianne Weber, German sociologists with a great influence on the discipline. This work is part of the course Founders of Sociology: Max Weber, taught at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences.
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Weber en Web es un proyecto desarrollado por estudiantes de sociología de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. El objetivo del proyecto es recopilar información de calidad disponible en Internet acerca de Max Weber y Marianne Weber, sociólogos alemanes con una gran influencia en la disciplina. Este trabajo forma parte del curso Fundadores de la Sociología: Max Weber, impartido en la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales.
Short Description: Mathematical Reasoning and Investigation is designed to help you develop …
Short Description: Mathematical Reasoning and Investigation is designed to help you develop the ability to use mathematics to solve the kinds of problems that don't come with answers in the back of the book. We like to think of it as a mathematics book for people who think they're not good at mathematics. The work will be useful for anyone wanting to develop their own skills in reasoning and problem solving using mathematics, and for teachers and preservice teachers hoping to help their students to develop these same skills.
Word Count: 36868
ISBN: 978-0-7300-0410-3
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This book explores the philosophical views on the meaning of love. The …
This book explores the philosophical views on the meaning of love. The text explores a variety of topics used to define love, including attraction, relationship satisfaction, emotional, and ethical considerations. The author takes a rational, logical, analytic, and scrutinizing look at experiences and other forms of literature on the subject of love.
Short Description: Meditations on First Philosophy (1641)—full titles Meditations on First Philosophy, …
Short Description: Meditations on First Philosophy (1641)—full titles Meditations on First Philosophy, in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated—is a philosophical treatise by French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes. First published in Latin, the book is made up of six meditations written as if Descartes had meditated for six days; each meditation refers to the last one as "yesterday." The author rejects all belief in things that are not absolutely certain and then attempts to establish what can be absolutely certain.
Long Description: Meditations on First Philosophy (1641)—full titles Meditations on First Philosophy, in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated—is a philosophical treatise by French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes. First published in Latin, the book is made up of six meditations written as if Descartes had meditated for six days; each meditation refers to the last one as “yesterday.” The author rejects all belief in things that are not absolutely certain and then attempts to establish what can be absolutely certain.
Word Count: 30979
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This course considers a range of philosophical questions about the foundations of …
This course considers a range of philosophical questions about the foundations of morality, such as whether and in what sense morality is objective, the nature of moral discourse, and how we can come to know right from wrong.
Metaethics from a First Person Standpoint addresses in a novel format the …
Metaethics from a First Person Standpoint addresses in a novel format the major topics and themes of contemporary metaethics, the study of the analysis of moral thought and judgement. Metathetics is less concerned with what practices are right or wrong than with what we mean by ‘right’ and ‘wrong.’ Looking at a wide spectrum of topics including moral language, realism and anti-realism, reasons and motives, relativism, and moral progress, this book engages students and general readers in order to enhance their understanding of morality and moral discourse as cultural practices. Catherine Wilson innovatively employs a first-person narrator to report step-by-step an individual’s reflections, beginning from a position of radical scepticism, on the possibility of objective moral knowledge. The reader is invited to follow along with this reasoning, and to challenge or agree with each major point. Incrementally, the narrator is led to certain definite conclusions about ‘oughts’ and norms in connection with self-interest, prudence, social norms, and finally morality. Scepticism is overcome, and the narrator arrives at a good understanding of how moral knowledge and moral progress are possible, though frequently long in coming. Accessibly written, Metaethics from a First Person Standpoint presupposes no prior training in philosophy and is a must-read for philosophers, students and general readers interested in gaining a better understanding of morality as a personal philosophical quest.
Short Description: The Metamorphosis is a novella by Franz Kafka, first published …
Short Description: The Metamorphosis is a novella by Franz Kafka, first published in 1915. It has been cited as one of the seminal works of fiction of the 20th century and is studied in colleges and universities across the Western world. The story begins with a traveling salesman, Gregor Samsa, waking to find himself transformed (metamorphosed) into a large, monstrous insect-like creature. The cause of Samsa's transformation is never revealed, and Kafka never did give an explanation. The rest of Kafka's novella deals with Gregor's attempts to adjust to his new condition as he deals with being burdensome to his parents and sister, who are repulsed by the horrible, verminous creature Gregor has become. (Wikipedia) NewParaDownload: PDF | EPUB | MOBI | 3-file Zip
Word Count: 22152
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Mind the Gap encourages you to be mindful of that gap that …
Mind the Gap encourages you to be mindful of that gap that takes place in various transitions in life: when you go away to college, travel to a foreign country, move to a new city, or start a new job. Until you start to feel at home in your new environment, you must negotiate feelings of discomfort. Mindfulness draws attention to your experience of transition, enabling you to cultivate an embodied presence, receptivity, and awareness of whatever arises in yourself and your surroundings, without judging or rejecting your experience. All too often, when we feel uncomfortable or unsettled, we immediately want to alleviate our feelings of discomfort by seeking comfort or distraction. When we do this, we rob ourselves of the opportunity to grow and develop in new ways.
Administração Como Filosofia de Vida Short Description: Administração Como Filosofia de Vida, …
Administração Como Filosofia de Vida
Short Description: Administração Como Filosofia de Vida, Como Uma Postura Ética, Como Uma Missão na Vida de Realizar os Sonhos dos Outros.
Long Description: Administradores possuem uma missão que transcende a organização construtiva de empreendimentos, desde empresas até ONGs. Uma missão de promover o bem estar social, ajudar o próximo e contribuir para a felicidade de todos. O lucro não é o objetivo de um administrador, mas sim permitir que pessoas estranhas entre si trabalhem num propósito comum e em harmonia. Reunidos em um livro, todos os artigos escritos nos últimos quatro anos sobre as funções do Administrador, publicados na Veja e no Blog Artigos Para se Pensar.
Word Count: 35112
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