This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"This video is based on a preprint. Preprints are preliminary reports that have not undergone peer review. They should not be considered conclusive, used to inform clinical practice, or referenced by the media as validated information. As the COVID-19 pandemic wages on, scientific research is uncovering multiple forces that alter the spread of the disease. One enhancing factor could be air pollution. Researchers at the University of Cambridge recently linked COVID-19 to air pollution levels in England, where more than 45,000 patients have died of COVID-19. Initial findings revealed that regional variations in nitrogen oxide and ozone in particular could predict COVID-19 cases and deaths. The risk of infection was found to be increased by exposure to particulate matter (PM). Such pollution can lead to increased inflammation in the lungs or even help carry the virus that causes COVID-19 across large distances..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, continues to course through communities around the world. While researchers have learned enough about the virus to build defenses, much remains unknown about how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the immune system to cause disease. One promising target researchers are exploring is a process known as “T cell exhaustion.” During infection, disease-fighting T cells are recruited to areas where inflammation is taking place. These cells are virus-specific and represent one of the most critical defenses against SARS-CoV-2. Some patients with COVID-19, however, show significantly reduced T cell counts, impairing their ability to fight the disease. Although it’s unclear how T cell exhaustion occurs, numerous potential biomarkers of this process do exist. Among these is the protein PD-1, which helps T cells identify cells as friend or foe..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Since the CoVID19 pandemic, essential workers have been impacted beyond that of others in the labor force.  Statistics on nonmedical essential workers and how CoVid19 affects their health and livelihood are lacking. No centralized reporting exists and corporations do not either collect or provide this data. This OER attempts to bring together various sources information from March-July 2020 for future research. This material is a compilation of original sources of varying restrictions to be used for educational purposes, so I have chosen the CC BY NC ND license.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Critically ill COVID-19 patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) are at greatly increased risk of death compared to the general population. While some drivers of COVID-19 disease progression, such as inflammation and hypercoagulability, have been identified, they do not completely explain the mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients, making a search for overlooked factors necessary. A recent study examined the virome of tracheal aspirates from 25 COVID-19 patients under IMV. These samples were compared to tracheal aspirates from non-COVID patients and nasopharyngeal swabs from individuals with mild COVID-19. Critically ill COVID-19 patients had elevated expression of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K), and elevated HERV-K expression in tracheal aspirate and plasma was associated with early mortality in those same patients. Among deceased patients, HERV-K expression was associated with IL-17-related inflammation, monocyte activation, and increased consumption of clotting factors..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This is a three-credit course which covers topics that enhance the students’ problem solving abilities, knowledge of the basic principles of probability/statistics, and guides students to master critical thinking/logic skills, geometric principles, personal finance skills. This course requires that students apply their knowledge to real-world problems. A TI-84 or comparable calculator is required. The course has four main units: Thinking Algebraically, Thinking Logically and Geometrically, Thinking Statistically, and Making Connections. This course is paired with a course in MyOpenMath which contains the instructor materials (including answer keys) and online homework system with immediate feedback. All course materials are licensed by CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.

In this project, students will have the opportunity to explore regression in more detail. Specifically, they will be looking at how Covid-19 Stimulus money was distributed to each state in the country.

Comment lutter contre le Coronavirus : faut-il maintenir un confinement généralisé, même dans la durée, comme dans la plupart des pays d'Europe de l'Ouest ? Ou bien faut-il surtout compter sur l'immunité collective comme l'ont (un temps) suggéré le Royaume-Uni, les Pays-Bas ou la Suède ? Dans les deux cas, lutter contre cette pandémie de COVID-19 passera forcément par des choix douloureux, qu'on va discuter dans cette vidéo. Nous discuterons les pistes de réponses qu'un raisonnement utilitariste/conséquentialiste peut donner à ces dilemmes, en envisageant notamment la question difficile des systèmes de pistage/traçage du virus par géolocalisation comme mis en oeuvre en Corée du Sud, qui pose de nombreux problèmes de protection de la vie privée.

Quels patients sauver en situation de pénurie ? Dans cette pandémie de Coronavirus, certains pays comme l'Italie ont dû faire face à une explosion de la courbe de l'épidémie, saturant la capacité de leur système de santé. Dans ce genre de situation d'urgence et de rareté des ressources, les médecins en unité de soins intensifs doivent prendre des décisions tragiques : qui pourra bénéficier d'un des rares lits et respirateurs disponibles ? Et qui faudra-t-il laisser mourir ? Dans cette vidéo participative, on va réfléchir ensemble aux différents critères éthiques pour trier les patients dans le contexte d'une pandémie, dans l'attente du développement d'une immunité collective au Covid-19. On contrastera en particulier les réponses issues de l'utilitarisme ou de l'égalitarisme sur cette question.

A weekly parenting podcast from Common Sense Media. Each week, host Ann Marie Baldonado checks in with authors, educators, and celebrities to bring you real-world stories and tips

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"With the COVID-19 pandemic causing a global health crisis, accurate diagnosis is critical. Diagnosing acute disease relies on RT-PCR tests measuring the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the sampled material but in patients with suspected COVID-19 with a negative RT-PCR result, measuring anti-viral antibodies can help clinicians identify infected individuals. Antibody testing can also determine if someone was previously infected and help to measure the prevalence of the virus in a community. A new study characterizes an assay measuring total antibodies – combined IgA, IgM, and IgG isotypes – against SARS-CoV-2. The assay, ECLIA, specifically measures antibodies against the S1 subunit of the viral spike, which carries the virus’s receptor binding domain. Researchers in Liechtenstein evaluated ECLIA in a population with 125 cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1159 individuals without evidence of COVID-19. The results showed a test sensitivity of 97.6%, while the specificity was 99.8%..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections has strained healthcare systems worldwide and diagnostic testing is a critical part of any pandemic management plan. PCR tests on clinical samples collected by health care professionals (HCPs) is currently the gold standard, but patient self-sampling may facilitate increased testing without adding strain or risk of exposure for HCPs. A recent study tested the sensitivity, feasibility, and acceptance of self-collected oropharyngeal samples. Hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients collected two self-administered samples and filled out a questionnaire. Researchers also collected HCP-administered samples for comparison. While the HCP-collected samples had the highest estimated sensitivity compared to each of the self-collected samples, at 88%, 78%, and 77% respectively, using both self-collected sample results together increased their estimated sensitivity to 88%, which is comparable to the HCP-collected samples..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has spread rapidly since 2019. COVID-19 symptoms are mild in some patients but severe and even life-threatening in others and there are still no reliable treatments for severe COVID-19. In a recent study, researchers investigated the factors related to COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients with mild or severe illness. Specifically, they investigated the patients’ immune characteristics and signaling pathways involving immune proteins called IFN-Is. Compared with healthy controls, patients with COVID-19 had lower counts of many types of immune cells but higher counts of Th17 cells in their blood and the differences were more drastic in patients with severe disease. In addition, individuals with severe COVID-19 had much lower levels of IFN-I signaling molecules than healthy controls..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

ABSTRACTCorona pandemic has unfurled its wings to disrupt the healthcare system of developing as well as developed countries and created havoc among healthcare professionals. Today, there is an atmosphere of trepidation at the possibility of getting new cure against this dreadful virus. People are looking with anxious eyes toward scientists to develop a vaccine against this virus. Already killed thousands of lives, this virus is spreading at a pace of fire. Some healthcare professionals and researchers are working out of the way to develop a new vaccine, and some are targeting the existing drug approach. Several successful trials were performed on Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients involving existing drugs in combination till date. This case series underlined those successful case studies of COVID-19. Different combinational approaches have been adopted by researchers such as the use of tissue plasminogen activators, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and convalescent plasma therapy, intravenous immunoglobulins, antivirals drugs, antimalarials, antibiotics, interleukin antagonists, and corticosteroids to combat COVID-19. These therapies have corroborated to be constructive at some levels among individuals having a severe medical history as well as individuals without any profound medical history

This course explores the importance of public transportation to social and economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and seeks to identify approaches to restoring transit ridership, with a focus on Metro Boston. We will attempt to (1) understand whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic can advance sustainable mobility, and specifically the role(s) of public transportation in the COVID-19 recovery process, and (2) identify policies and/or interventions that may encourage pre-COVID transit riders to return to transit and attract net new transit ridership.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"COVID-19, caused by the enveloped RNA virus SARS-CoV-2, primarily affects the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Disease severity varies substantially across patients; the disease is mild or asymptomatic in some cases and causes respiratory failure or death in others. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA has been detected in fecal samples, suggesting that the gastrointestinal tract may be a site of viral replication. To better understand the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on resident gut viruses (the “gut virome”), researchers examined blood samples and fecal specimens from 98 patients with COVID-19 and 78 healthy individuals. Using shotgun metagenomics, they found that patients with COVID-19 had decreased abundance of certain RNA viruses and DNA-based bacteriophages. In contrast, environment-derived eukaryotic DNA viruses were enriched in COVID-19 patients..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

In our resource, we highlight the role of the viral non-structural proteins and their role in blocking host interferon signaling of the innate immune system.  In addition, we also describe the host immune response specifically the cytokine signaling clouds in the variation in severity of patients living with COVID-19.  Finally, we apply these latest peer-reviewed research on host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the context of integrated immunology framework linked with three-dimensional learning in life science education and topics on social justice dimensions of vaccination access in global health.  Through the social justice lens and global health perspectives, we provide an innovative framework to engage undergraduates in the field of integrated immunology and developmental biology in both remote and hybrid-flexible (HyFlex) learning settings.

  What exactly is a vaccine? Can vaccines prevent outbreaks? How effective does a vaccine need to be to help a population during an outbreak? Students will explore these questions and more in this lesson plan by first learning the biology behind vaccines. They will then use Science Buddies' SimPandemic, a free online tool, to model different vaccine parameters to understand how vaccines affect both individuals and populations during a COVID-19 outbreak.  Remote learning adaptation: This lesson plan can be conducted remotely. Students can work independently on the Explore section of the lesson plan using the Student Worksheet as a guide. The Engage and Reflect sections can either be dropped entirely, done in writing remotely, or be conducted over a video chat.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A new preprint reports one factor that might contribute to the deadliness of the COVID-19 pandemic: wearing shoes indoors. Researchers compared COVID-19 death rates between countries that follow the cultural practice of removing shoes indoors and those that do not and observed a distinct pattern. Those where removing shoes is customary showed a lower death rate on average. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed when countries were compared according to the number of COVID-19 cases. It could be that the lack of reliable, universal testing may obscure the true prevalence of the disease. More work is still needed to discount a number of confounding factors, such as differences in preventive measures enacted by different countries, but the correlation suggests that removing shoes indoors might help curb the devastation wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.